Master how to build a web server on CentOS and avoid common mistakes

Master how to build a web server on CentOS and avoid common mistakes

As an open source operating system, CentOS has been widely used in the server field. Building a web server is one of the common requirements for using CentOS. This article will introduce the detailed method of setting up a web server and remind readers to avoid common mistakes.

1. Install Apache

Apache is a powerful and stable web server software that is widely used. We first need to install Apache.

Enter the following command in the terminal to install Apache:

sudo yum install httpd

After the installation is complete, start Apache and set it to start automatically at boot:

sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd

2. Configure Apache

After the installation is complete, we need to configure Apache. Open the Apache configuration file:

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

The following are some common configuration items and their examples:

1. Listening port

   Listen 80

2. Website Root directory

   DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
   <Directory "/var/www/html">
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
   </Directory>

3. Set the default page

   DirectoryIndex index.html index.php

4. Set the virtual host

   <VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/example"
    ServerName example.com
   </VirtualHost>

After the configuration is completed , save the file and restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

3. Install PHP

PHP is a scripting language executed on the server side, and can be used with Apache to develop dynamic web pages.

Enter the following command in the terminal to install PHP and related extensions:

sudo yum install php
sudo yum install php-mysql php-gd php-opcache php-devel php-mbstring

After the installation is complete, edit the PHP configuration file:

sudo vi /etc/php.ini

The following are some common configuration items and their examples:

1. Set the default time zone

   date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

2. Set the upload file size limit

   upload_max_filesize = 8M
   post_max_size = 8M

After the configuration is completed, Save the file and restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

4. Install MySQL

MySQL is a popular relational database management system used to store and manage data for web applications.

Enter the following command in the terminal to install MySQL and related tools:

sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb

After the installation is completed, start MySQL and set it to start automatically at boot:

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

After the installation is completed, run the security script Perform initial settings:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

5. Configure the database

Create a database and a new user, and grant the user permission to access the database.

Log in to MySQL:

sudo mysql -u root -p

Create database:

CREATE DATABASE example;

Create new user:

CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

Grant permissions:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON example.* TO 'user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

6. Test and Debugging

After completing the above steps, your CentOS server has set up a web server. You can access the server's IP address in your browser and you should see the Apache default page.

If any problems occur, you can debug them by:

1. View the Apache log

   sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log
   sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/error_log

2. View the PHP error log

   sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/php_error_log

3. View MySQL log

   sudo tail -f /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

7. Avoid common mistakes

In the process of building a web server, it is easy to make some mistakes Common Mistakes. The following are some things to pay attention to:

1. Permission issues

Ensure that the permissions of Apache and related folders and files are set correctly. Example:

sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

2. Firewall Settings

If your server has a firewall enabled, make sure the HTTP and HTTPS service ports are open. Example:

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=https --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

3. File path error

When configuring Apache and PHP, ensure the correctness of the file path.

4. The service is not started or is not set to start automatically at boot

Make sure that Apache, PHP, MySQL and other services are started and set to start automatically at boot.

Conclusion

This article introduces in detail the method of setting up a web server on CentOS and reminds readers to avoid common mistakes. I hope readers can get help from this article and successfully build their own web server.

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