How to implement authentication and authorization in PHP applications using JWT

How to use JWT to implement authentication and authorization in PHP applications

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet, authentication and authorization are becoming increasingly important in Web applications. JSON Web Token (JWT) is a popular authentication and authorization mechanism that is widely used in PHP applications. This article will introduce how to use JWT to implement authentication and authorization in PHP applications, and provide code examples to help readers better understand the use of JWT.

1. Introduction to JWT
JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact, self-contained way to transfer information between parties. Securely transmitted as a JSON object. This information can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed.
JWT consists of three parts: header, payload and signature. The header usually contains information about the algorithm and token type; the payload contains claim information about the user or other entity; the signature is used to verify the authenticity and integrity of the token.

2. JWT workflow
1. User login
Users log in to the application using their username and password. The server verifies the user's identity and generates a JWT token.

2. Token generation and sending
The server signs the JWT using the private key, generates the token, and sends it to the client as part of the response.

3. Client storage token
After the client receives the JWT token, it stores it locally for use in subsequent requests.

4. Bring the token when requesting
The client will send the JWT token to the server as part of the Authorization header in every request.

5. Server verification token
After receiving the request, the server uses the public key to verify the authenticity and integrity of the JWT.

6. Authorization and business logic processing
After the server is verified, use the JWT payload information for authentication and authorization, and then execute the corresponding business logic.

3. Use JWT to implement authentication and authorization code examples

1. Generate JWT (token)

use FirebaseJWTJWT;

$privateKey = "your_private_key";

$token = array(
    "iss" => "your_iss", //签发者
    "aud" => "your_aud", //接收方
    "iat" => time(), //签发时间
    "exp" => time() + 3600 //过期时间
);

$jwt = JWT::encode($token, $privateKey, 'HS256');

2. Verify JWT (token)

use FirebaseJWTJWT;

$publicKey = "your_public_key";

$jwt = $_SERVER['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']; // 获取Authorization头部的令牌

try {
    $decoded = JWT::decode($jwt, $publicKey, array('HS256'));
    
    // 身份验证成功，执行相应的业务逻辑
    // ...
    
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // 验证失败，返回错误提示
    // ...
}

4. Summary
This article briefly introduces the process of JWT authentication and authorization in PHP applications, and provides corresponding code examples. As a reliable authentication and authorization mechanism, JWT is widely used in modern web development. By using JWT appropriately, we can improve the security and reliability of our applications. I hope readers can gain some useful knowledge and inspiration from this article and further master the use of JWT in PHP applications.

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