How to implement requested data encryption and decryption in FastAPI

How to implement requested data encryption and decryption in FastAPI

Introduction:
FastAPI is a high-performance web framework based on Python, which provides a concise and fast way to build the Web app. During the development process, we often need to encrypt and decrypt the requested data to ensure the security of data transmission. This article will introduce how to implement requested data encryption and decryption in FastAPI and provide corresponding code examples.

Step 1: Install the required dependencies
Before we start, we need to install some necessary dependencies. Use pip to install the required dependency packages through the following command:

pip install cryptography

Step 2: Generate a key
The encryption and decryption process requires the use of a key. In the example, we use the AES algorithm for encryption and decryption. First, we need to generate a key. You can use the following code to generate a new key:

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

def generate_key():
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    with open("key.key", "wb") as key_file:
        key_file.write(key)

After running the above code, a file named "key.key" will be generated in the current directory, which saves the generated key.

Step 3: Encrypt request data
In FastAPI, middleware can be used to encrypt request data. The following is the code of an example middleware:

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request

app = FastAPI()

@app.middleware("http")
async def encrypt_request_data(request: Request, call_next):
    # 读取密钥
    with open("key.key", "rb") as key_file:
        key = key_file.read()
    
    # 获取请求数据
    data = await request.body()
    
    # 加密数据
    f = Fernet(key)
    encrypted_data = f.encrypt(data)
    
    # 更新请求数据
    request._body = encrypted_data
    
    # 继续处理请求
    response = await call_next(request)
    
    return response

In the above code, we first read the previously generated key. Then use the Fernet class to perform encryption operations. By calling the encrypt method, we can encrypt the requested data. Finally, update the requested data and continue processing the request.

Step 4: Decrypt the request data
Before processing the encrypted request data, we need to decrypt them. The following is the code of an example middleware:

@app.middleware("http")
async def decrypt_request_data(request: Request, call_next):
    # 读取密钥
    with open("key.key", "rb") as key_file:
        key = key_file.read()
    
    # 获取请求数据
    data = await request.body()
    
    # 解密数据
    f = Fernet(key)
    decrypted_data = f.decrypt(data)
    
    # 更新请求数据
    request._body = decrypted_data
    
    # 继续处理请求
    response = await call_next(request)
    
    return response

Similar to the encryption process, we first read the key and then use the Fernet class to perform the decryption operation. By calling the decrypt method, we can decrypt the encrypted request data. Finally, update the requested data and continue processing the request.

Step 5: Test the encryption and decryption process
After using the above code to implement the encryption and decryption middleware, we need to test whether the request data can be encrypted and decrypted normally. Here is a code example for a quick test:

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI(debug=True)

@app.post("/api/encrypt")
async def encrypt_data(data: str):
    return {"encrypted_data": data}

@app.post("/api/decrypt")
async def decrypt_data(data: str):
    return {"decrypted_data": data}

In the above code, we added two routes to receive encrypted and decrypted requests respectively. These two routes receive a string parameter named data and return encrypted and decrypted data respectively. This example is for demonstration purposes only, actual projects need to be processed accordingly based on business needs.

Conclusion:
Through the above steps, we have successfully implemented the encryption and decryption process of request data in FastAPI. By using encryption middleware, we can ensure security during data transmission. The process of encryption and decryption can be changed and extended according to actual needs. I hope this article will help you implement data encryption and decryption in FastAPI development.

Reference materials:

• [FastAPI official document](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/)
• [cryptography official document](https:/ /cryptography.io/en/latest/)

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