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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial说说PHP的autoLoad自动加载机制_PHP

__autoload的使用方法1:
最经常使用的就是这种方法,根据类名,找出类文件,然后require_one
复制代码 代码如下:
function __autoload($class_name) {
$path = str_replace('_', '/', $class_name);
require_once $path . '.php';
}
// 这里会自动加载Http/File/Interface.php 文件
$a = new Http_File_Interface();

这种方法的好处就是简单易使用。当然也有缺点,缺点就是将类名和文件路径强制做了约定,当修改文件结构的时候,就势必要修改类名。

__autoload的使用方法2(直接映射法)
复制代码 代码如下:
$map = array(
'Http_File_Interface' => 'C:/PHP/HTTP/FILE/Interface.php'
);
function __autoload($class_name) {
if (isset($map[$class_name])) {
require_once $map[$class_name];
}
}
// 这里会自动加载C:/PHP/HTTP/FILE/Interface.php 文件
$a = new Http_File_Interface();


这种方法的好处就是类名和文件路径只是用一个映射来维护,所以当文件结构改变的时候,不需要修改类名,只需要将映射中对应的项修改就好了。

这种方法相较于前面的方法缺点是当文件多了的时候这个映射维护起来非常麻烦,或许这时候你就会考虑使用json或者单独一个文件来进行维护了。或许你会想到使用一个框架来维护或者建立这么一个映射。

spl_autoload

__autoload的最大缺陷是无法有多个autoload方法

好了, 想下下面的这个情景,你的项目引用了别人的一个项目,你的项目中有一个__autoload,别人的项目也有一个__autoload,这样两个__autoload就冲突了。解决的办法就是修改__autoload成为一个,这无疑是非常繁琐的。

因此我们急需使用一个autoload调用堆栈,这样spl的autoload系列函数就出现了。你可以使用spl_autoload_register注册多个自定义的autoload函数

如果你的PHP版本大于5.1的话,你就可以使用spl_autoload

先了解spl的几个函数:
说说PHP的autoLoad自动加载机制_PHP

spl_autoload 是_autoload()的默认实现,它会去include_path中寻找$class_name(.php/.inc)
Spl_autoload实现自动加载:
复制代码 代码如下:
/*http.php*/
class http
{
public function callname(){
echo "this is http";
}
}
/*test.php*/
set_include_path("/home/yejianfeng/handcode/"); //这里需要将路径放入include
spl_autoload("http"); //寻找/home/yejianfeng/handcode/http.php
$a = new http();
$a->callname();


Spl_autoload_register

将函数注册到SPL __autoload函数栈中,直接看一个例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
/*http.php*/
class http
{
public function callname(){
echo "this is http";
}
}

/*test.php*/
spl_autoload_register(function($class){
if($class == 'http'){
require_once("/home/yejianfeng/handcode/http.php");
}
});

$a = new http();
$a->callname();


spl_autoload_call

调用spl_autoload_register中注册的调用函数, 看下面的例子
复制代码 代码如下:
/*http.php*/
class http
{
public function callname(){
echo "this is http";
}
}
/*http2.php*/
class http
{
public function callname(){
echo "this is http2";
}
}

/*test.php*/
spl_autoload_register(function($class){
if($class == 'http'){
require_once("/home/yejianfeng/handcode/http.php");
}
if($class == 'http2'){
require_once("/home/yejianfeng/handcode/http2.php");
}
});
spl_auto_call('http2');
$a = new http();
$a->callname(); //这个时候会输出"this is http2"

spl_auto_register这个函数使得我们不使用__autoload,使用自定义的函数来进行自动加载成为可能。这个方法现在是经常使用到的。
Zend的AutoLoader模块就使用了这个方法。摘录其中对应的代码
复制代码 代码如下:
spl_autoload_register(array(__CLASS__, 'autoload'));

public static function autoload($class)
{
…..

}


建议参考文章:
关于zend的autoload机制,前面有篇文章http://www.bitsCN.com/article/31399.htm 有详细分析。
关于autoload的自动加载机制,这篇文章http://www.bitsCN.com/article/31279.htm说得非常详细,从底层开始分析。
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