How to use Goroutines for resource pool management in Go language

How to use Goroutines in Go language for resource pool management

Overview:
Goroutines in Go language is a lightweight thread implementation that allows us to efficiently process tasks concurrently. In actual development, we often need to manage some limited resources, such as database connections, network connections, etc. Goroutines can be used to manage concurrent requests well and improve system performance and efficiency.

This article will introduce how to use Goroutines and their corresponding tool functions to implement resource pool management. We will use database connection as an example to illustrate.

1. Define the resource pool structure

First, we need to define a resource pool structure for managing database connections. The definition is as follows:

type Connection struct {
    // 数据库连接
    DB *sql.DB
    // 是否正在被使用
    InUse bool
    // 互斥锁
    Mutex sync.Mutex
}

2. Initialize the resource pool

Next, we need to initialize the resource pool and create a certain number of database connections. Can be adjusted according to needs. The code example is as follows:

type ResourcePool struct {
    // 最大连接数
    MaxConnections int
    // 当前使用的连接数
    CurrentConnections int
    // 资源池
    Pool []*Connection
    // 互斥锁
    Mutex sync.Mutex
    // 等待队列
    WaitQueue chan bool
}

func NewResourcePool(maxConnections int) *ResourcePool {
    pool := &ResourcePool{
        MaxConnections:     maxConnections,
        CurrentConnections: 0,
        Pool:               make([]*Connection, maxConnections),
        WaitQueue:          make(chan bool),
    }
    for i := 0; i < maxConnections; i++ {
        pool.Pool[i] = &Connection{}
    }
    return pool
}

3. Get connections from the resource pool

In the resource pool, database connections are limited, and we need to control the number of connections used at the same time to Avoid competition for resources. When a Goroutine needs to obtain a connection, it will check whether there is an available connection in the connection pool. If there is an available connection, the Goroutine will obtain the connection, otherwise it will enter the waiting queue.

func (pool *ResourcePool) Get() *Connection {
    // 加锁
    pool.Mutex.Lock()
    defer pool.Mutex.Unlock()

    // 检查连接池
    for i := 0; i < pool.MaxConnections; i++ {
        conn := pool.Pool[i]
        if !conn.InUse {
            // 找到可用的连接
            conn.Mutex.Lock()
            conn.InUse = true
            conn.Mutex.Unlock()

            pool.CurrentConnections++
            return conn
        }
    }

    // 进入等待队列
    pool.WaitQueue <- true
    return nil
}

4. Use the connection and return it to the resource pool

After using the connection in Goroutine, we need to return the connection to the resource pool for use by other Goroutines. The code is as follows:

func (pool *ResourcePool) Put(conn *Connection) {
    // 加锁
    conn.Mutex.Lock()
    conn.InUse = false
    conn.Mutex.Unlock()

    // 归还到资源池
    pool.Mutex.Lock()
    pool.CurrentConnections--
    pool.Mutex.Unlock()

    // 通知等待队列
    select {
    case <-pool.WaitQueue:
        // 有等待的Goroutine，唤醒一个
        pool.Mutex.Lock()
        pool.CurrentConnections++
        pool.Mutex.Unlock()

        pool.WaitQueue <- true
    default:
        // 没有等待的Goroutine
    }
}

5. Using resource pool

Now we can use resource pool to manage database connections. The code example is as follows:

func main() {
    pool := NewResourcePool(10)
    // 创建多个Goroutine并发获取数据库连接
    for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
        go func() {
            conn := pool.Get()
            if conn != nil {
                // 使用数据库连接进行查询等操作
                fmt.Println("Do something with database connection")
                time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)

                // 使用完毕后归还连接到资源池
                pool.Put(conn)
            }
        }()
    }
    // 等待Goroutine执行完毕
    time.Sleep(time.Second * 20)
}

Summary:
By using Goroutines to manage resource pools, we can effectively control and manage concurrent requests. Resource pools can be applied to various limited resource scenarios, such as database connections, network connections, etc. In actual development, we can flexibly adjust the size of the resource pool and concurrency control according to our own needs. I hope this article can help you understand and use resource pool management.

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