In-depth analysis of Golang language features: concurrent synchronization and mutual exclusion mechanism

In-depth analysis of Golang language features: concurrent synchronization and mutual exclusion mechanism

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet and computer technology, the popularity of multi-core processors makes concurrent programming more and more important. . In concurrent programming, synchronization and mutual exclusion mechanisms are essential tools to ensure the correctness of data shared between multiple threads or coroutines. In this article, we will delve into the features of concurrent programming in the Golang language, focusing on its synchronization and mutual exclusion mechanisms, and explain its implementation principles through code examples.

1. Concurrency model of Golang language
Golang adopts the concurrency model of coroutine (goroutine), which is a lightweight thread managed by the Go language's own scheduler. Compared with traditional threads, coroutines have smaller stack space, higher creation speed and higher concurrency, making concurrent programming simpler and more efficient in Golang.

2. Golang’s concurrent synchronization mechanism: Channel and Mutex

1. Channel
   Channel is used for threads in Golang concurrent programming Mechanism for secure communication. Golang provides a synchronous, blocking communication method, that is, the sender sends data to the channel and the receiver receives data from the channel. During the sending and receiving process, if the channel is full or empty, a thread will block and wait until the conditions are met. This communication method can well avoid resource contention problems common in traditional programming.

The following is a sample code that uses channels for concurrent calculations:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func CalculateSum(numbers []int, ch chan int) {
    sum := 0
    for _, number := range numbers {
        sum += number
    }
    ch <- sum
}

func main() {
    numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
    ch := make(chan int)
    go CalculateSum(numbers[:len(numbers)/2], ch)
    go CalculateSum(numbers[len(numbers)/2:], ch)
    sum1, sum2 := <-ch, <-ch
    totalSum := sum1 + sum2
    fmt.Println("Total sum is", totalSum)
}

In this sample code, we first create a channel ch, and then use two goroutines to calculate concurrently Sum of array numbers and pass the result back to the main thread through the channel. Finally, we add the two sums to get the final total.

2. Mutex (Mutex)
   Mutex is another commonly used concurrent programming tool in Golang, used to protect access to shared resources. When multiple threads or coroutines access shared resources at the same time, mutex locks can ensure that only one thread or coroutine can operate on the shared resources at the same time.

The following is a sample code that uses a mutex lock to protect a shared variable:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

var count int
var mutex sync.Mutex

func Increment() {
    mutex.Lock()
    defer mutex.Unlock()
    count++
}

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        go Increment()
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Count is", count)
}

In this sample code, we define a global variable count and a mutex lock mutex. In the Increment function, we first obtain control of the mutex lock by calling the mutex.Lock() method, then perform the count operation, and finally call the mutex.Unlock() method to release the mutex lock. This ensures that only one goroutine can operate on count each time, thereby ensuring the correctness of count.

Conclusion:
By using channels and mutex locks, Golang provides a simple and efficient concurrent programming mechanism. The blocking and synchronization characteristics of the channel make concurrent programming safer and more reliable, while the mutex lock can protect access to shared resources and avoid resource competition problems. In actual concurrent programming, we can choose appropriate mechanisms according to different scenarios to achieve efficient and reliable parallel computing.

Reference:

• "The Go Programming Language Specification", https://golang.org/ref/spec
• "Concurrency in Go", https ://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#concurrency

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