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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP加密扩展库Mcrypt安装和实例_PHP

mcrypt简单介绍
PHP程序员们在编写代码程序时,除了要保证代码的高性能之外,还有一点是非常重要的,那就是程序的安全性保障。PHP除了自带的几种加密函数外,还有功能更全面的PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt和Mhash。
其中,Mcrypt扩展库可以实现加密解密功能,就是既能将明文加密,也可以密文还原。
mcrypt 是 php 里面重要的加密支持扩展库,linux环境下:该库在默认情况下不开启。window环境下:PHP>=5.3,默认开启mcrypt扩展。
1、Mcrypt()库的安装
mcypt是一个功能十分强大的加密算法扩展库。在标准的PHP安装过程中并没有把Mcrypt安装上,但PHP的主目录下包含了libmcrypt.dll文件,所以我们只用将PHP配置文件中的这行:extension=php_mcrypt.dll前面的分号去掉,然后重启服务器就可以使用这个扩展库了。
支持的算法和加密模式
Mcrypt库支持20多种加密算法和8种加密模式,具体可以通过函数mcrypt_list_algorithms()和mcrypt_list_modes()来显示[1]加密算法
Mcrypt支持的算法有:
cast-128
gost
rijndael-128
twofish
arcfour
cast-256
loki97
rijndael-192
saferplus
wake
blowfish-compat
des
rijndael-256
serpent
xtea
blowfish
enigma
rc2
tripledes
加密模式
Mcrypt支持的加密模式有:
cbc
cfb
ctr
ecb
ncfb
nofb
ofb
stream
这些算法和模式在应用中要以常量来表示,写的时候加上前缀MCRYPT_和MCRYPT_来表示,如下面Mcrypt应用的

例子

DES算法表示为MCRYPT_DES;
ECB模式表示为MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;
复制代码 代码如下:
$str = "我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!"; //加密内容
$key = "key:111"; //密钥
$cipher = MCRYPT_DES; //密码类型
$modes = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB; //密码模式
$iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes),MCRYPT_RAND);//初始化向量
echo "加密明文:".$str."

";
$str_encrypt = mcrypt_encrypt($cipher,$key,$str,$modes,$iv); //加密函数
echo "加密密文:".$str_encrypt."

";
$str_decrypt = mcrypt_decrypt($cipher,$key,$str_encrypt,$modes,$iv); //解密函数
echo "还原:".$str_decrypt;
?>
 
运行结果:
加密明文:我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!
加密密文: 锍??]??q???L 笑 ??"? ?
还原:我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!
由例子中可看到,使用PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt对数据加密和解密之前,首先创建了一个初始化向量,简称为iv。由 $iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes),MCRYPT_RAND);可见创建初始化向 量需要两个参数:size指定了iv的大小;source为iv的源,其中值MCRYPT_RAND为系统随机数。
函数mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes)返回初始化向量大小,参数cipher和mode分别指算法和加 密模式。
加密函数$str_encrypt = mcrypt_encrypt($cipher,$key,$str,$modes,$iv); 该函数的5个参数分 别如下:cipher——加密算法、key——密钥、data(str)——需要加密的数据、mode——算法模式、 iv——初始化向量
解密函数 mcrypt_decrypt($cipher,$key,$str_encrypt,$modes,$iv); 该函数和加密函数的参数几乎 一样,唯一不同的是data,也就是说data为需要解密的数据$str_encrypt,而不是原始数据$str。
注:加密和解密函数中的参数cipher、key和mode必须一一对应,否则数据不能被还原

总结
mcrypt库常量
Mcrypt库支持20多种加密算法和8种加密模式。可以通过函数mcrypt_list_algorithms()和mcrypt_list_modes()来查看。

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