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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp cURL和Rolling cURL并发方式比较_PHP

在实际项目或者自己编写小工具(比如新闻聚合,商品价格监控,比价)的过程中, 通常需要从第3方网站或者API接口获取数据, 在需要处理1个URL队列时, 为了提高性能, 可以采用cURL提供的curl_multi_*族函数实现简单的并发。
本文将探讨两种具体的实现方法, 并对不同的方法做简单的性能对比.
1. 经典cURL并发机制及其存在的问题
经典的cURL实现机制在网上很容易找到, 比如参考PHP在线手册的如下实现方式:
复制代码 代码如下:
function

classic_curl($urls,
$delay)
 {

    $queue

= curl_multi_init();

    $map

= array();

 

    foreach

($urls

as
$url)
 {

        //
 create cURL resources

        $ch

= curl_init();

 

        //
 set URL and other appropriate options

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_URL, $url);

 

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);

 

        //
 add handle

        curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);

        $map[$url]
 = $ch;

    }

 

    $active

= null;

 

    //
 execute the handles

    do

{

        $mrc

= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);

    }
while

($mrc

== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);

 

    while

($active

> 0 && $mrc

== CURLM_OK) {

        if

(curl_multi_select($queue,
 0.5) != -1) {

            do

{

                $mrc

= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);

            }
while

($mrc

== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);

        }

    }

 

    $responses

= array();

    foreach

($map

as
$url=>$ch)
 {

        $responses[$url]
 = callback(curl_multi_getcontent($ch),
$delay);

        curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$ch);

        curl_close($ch);

    }

 

    curl_multi_close($queue);

    return

$responses;

}

首先将所有的URL压入并发队列, 然后执行并发过程, 等待所有请求接收完之后进行数据的解析等后续处理. 在实际的处理过程中, 受网络传输的影响, 部分URL的内容会优先于其他URL返回, 但是经典cURL并发必须等待最慢的那个URL返回之后才开始处理, 等待也就意味着CPU的空闲和浪费. 如果URL队列很短, 这种空闲和浪费还处在可接受的范围, 但如果队列很长, 这种等待和浪费将变得不可接受.
2. 改进的Rolling cURL并发方式
仔细分析不难发现经典cURL并发还存在优化的空间, 优化的方式时当某个URL请求完毕之后尽可能快的去处理它, 边处理边等待其他的URL返回, 而不是等待那个最慢的接口返回之后才开始处理等工作, 从而避免CPU的空闲和浪费. 闲话不多说, 下面贴上具体的实现:
复制代码 代码如下:
function

rolling_curl($urls,
$delay)
 {

    $queue

= curl_multi_init();

    $map

= array();

 

    foreach

($urls

as
$url)
 {

        $ch

= curl_init();

 

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_URL, $url);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

        curl_setopt($ch,
 CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);

 

        curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);

        $map[(string)
$ch]
 = $url;

    }

 

    $responses

= array();

    do

{

        while

(($code

= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active))
 == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM) ;

 

        if

($code

!= CURLM_OK) { break;
 }

 

        //
 a request was just completed -- find out which one

        while

($done

= curl_multi_info_read($queue))
 {

 

            //
 get the info and content returned on the request

            $info

= curl_getinfo($done['handle']);

            $error

= curl_error($done['handle']);

            $results

= callback(curl_multi_getcontent($done['handle']),
$delay);

            $responses[$map[(string)
$done['handle']]]
 = compact('info',
'error',
'results');

 

            //
 remove the curl handle that just completed

            curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$done['handle']);

            curl_close($done['handle']);

        }

 

        //
 Block for data in / output; error handling is done by curl_multi_exec

        if

($active

> 0) {

            curl_multi_select($queue,
 0.5);

        }

 

    }
while

($active);

 

    curl_multi_close($queue);

    return

$responses;

}

3. 两种并发实现的性能对比
改进前后的性能对比试验在LINUX主机上进行, 测试时使用的并发队列如下:

http://a.com/item.htm?id=14392877692
http:/a.com/item.htm?id=16231676302
http://a.com/item.htm?id=5522416710
http://a.com/item.htm?id=16551116403
简要说明下实验设计的原则和性能测试结果的格式: 为保证结果的可靠, 每组实验重复20次, 在单次实验中, 给定相同的接口URL集合, 分别测量Classic(指经典的并发机制)和Rolling(指改进后的并发机制)两种并发机制的耗时(秒为单位), 耗时短者胜出(Winner), 并计算节省的时间(Excellence, 秒为单位)以及性能提升比例(Excel. %). 为了尽量贴近真实的请求而又保持实验的简单, 在对返回结果的处理上只是做了简单的正则表达式匹配, 而没有进行其他复杂的操作. 另外, 为了确定结果处理回调对性能对比测试结果的影响, 可以使用usleep模拟现实中比较负责的数据处理逻辑(如提取, 分词, 写入文件或数据库等).
性能测试中用到的回调函数为:
复制代码 代码如下:
function

callback($data,
$delay)
 {

    preg_match_all('/

(.+)/iU',
$data,
$matches);

    usleep($delay);

    return

compact('data',
'matches');

}

数据处理回调无延迟时: Rolling Curl略优, 但性能提升效果不明显。
php cURL和Rolling cURL并发方式比较_PHP

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