search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp define的第二个参数使用方法_PHP

看手册说define定义的常量只允许:
仅允许标量和 null。标量的类型是 integer, float,string 或者 boolean。 也能够定义常量值的类型为 resource ,但并不推荐这么做,可能会导致未知状况的发生。
今天阅读php源码,发现define的第二个参数其实也可以是一个对象。
先贴一段示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
class A {
    public function __toString() {
        return 'bar';
    }
}

$a = new A();
define('foo', $a);
echo foo;
// 输出bar

接着来看看php中的define究竟是如何实现的:
复制代码 代码如下:
ZEND_FUNCTION(define)
{
    char *name;
    int name_len;
    zval *val;
    zval *val_free = NULL;
    zend_bool non_cs = 0;
    int case_sensitive = CONST_CS;
    zend_constant c;

    // 接收3个参数,string,zval,bool
    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sz|b", &name, &name_len, &val, &non_cs) == FAILURE) {
        return;
    }

    // 是否大小写敏感
    if(non_cs) {
        case_sensitive = 0;
    }

    // 如果define类常量,则报错
    if (zend_memnstr(name, "::", sizeof("::") - 1, name + name_len)) {
        zend_error(E_WARNING, "Class constants cannot be defined or redefined");
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }

    // 获取真正的值,用val保存
repeat:
    switch (Z_TYPE_P(val)) {
        case IS_LONG:
        case IS_DOUBLE:
        case IS_STRING:
        case IS_BOOL:
        case IS_RESOURCE:
        case IS_NULL:
            break;
        case IS_OBJECT:
            if (!val_free) {
                if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get) {
                    val_free = val = Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get(val TSRMLS_CC);
                    goto repeat;
                } else if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object) {
                    ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(val_free);
                    if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object(val, val_free, IS_STRING TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS) {
                        val = val_free;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            /* no break */
        default:
            zend_error(E_WARNING,"Constants may only evaluate to scalar values");
            if (val_free) {
                zval_ptr_dtor(&val_free);
            }
            RETURN_FALSE;
    }

    // 构建常量
    c.value = *val;
    zval_copy_ctor(&c.value);
    if (val_free) {
        zval_ptr_dtor(&val_free);
    }
    c.flags = case_sensitive; /* non persistent */
    c.name = zend_strndup(name, name_len);
    c.name_len = name_len+1;
    c.module_number = PHP_USER_CONSTANT;

    // 注册常量
    if (zend_register_constant(&c TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS) {
        RETURN_TRUE;
    } else {
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }
}

注意以repeat开始的一段循环,还用到了goto语句T_T
这段代码的作用为:
对于int,float,string,bool,resource,null,则实际定义的常量时直接使用这些值
对于object,则需要将object转成上述6个类型之一(如果转型之后依然是object,则继续转型)
如何将object成6个类型之一呢?从代码上看有2种手段:
复制代码 代码如下:
if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get) {
    val_free = val = Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get(val TSRMLS_CC);
    goto repeat;
}
// __toString()方法会在cast_object中被调用
else if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object) {
    ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(val_free);
    if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object(val, val_free, IS_STRING TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS)
    {
        val = val_free;
        break;
    }
}

1,Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get ,宏展开之后为(*val).value.obj.handlers->get
2,Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object,宏展开之后为(*val).value.obj.handlers->cast_object
handlers是一个包含很多函数指针的结构体,具体定义参见_zend_object_handlers 。该结构体中的函数指针均用于操作object,比如读取/修改对象属性、获取/调用对象方法等等…get和cast_object也是其中之一。
对于一般的对象,php提供了标准的cast_object函数zend_std_cast_object_tostring,代码位于php-src/zend/zend-object-handlers.c中:
复制代码 代码如下:
ZEND_API int zend_std_cast_object_tostring(zval *readobj, zval *writeobj, int type TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
    zval *retval;
    zend_class_entry *ce;

    switch (type) {
        case IS_STRING:
            ce = Z_OBJCE_P(readobj);

            // 如果用户的class中定义了__toString,则尝试调用
            if (ce->__tostring &&
                (zend_call_method_with_0_params(&readobj, ce, &ce->__tostring, "__tostring", &retval) || EG(exception))) {
                ……

            }
            return FAILURE;
        ……
    }
    return FAILURE;
}

从上述具体实现来看,默认的cast_object就是去寻找class中的__tostring方法然后调用…
回到刚开始的例子,define(‘foo', $a) ,由于$a是A的实例,并且class A中定义了__toString,因此实际上foo常量就等于toString的返回值bar。

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?How does PHP handle object cloning (clone keyword) and the __clone magic method?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:24 AM

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsPHP vs. Python: Use Cases and ApplicationsApr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Describe different HTTP caching headers (e.g., Cache-Control, ETag, Last-Modified).Apr 17, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:06 AM

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values ​​to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguagePHP: An Introduction to the Server-Side Scripting LanguageApr 16, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactPHP and the Web: Exploring its Long-Term ImpactApr 16, 2025 am 12:17 AM

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedWhy Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits ExplainedApr 16, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment