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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp define的第二个参数使用方法_PHP

看手册说define定义的常量只允许:
仅允许标量和 null。标量的类型是 integer, float,string 或者 boolean。 也能够定义常量值的类型为 resource ,但并不推荐这么做,可能会导致未知状况的发生。
今天阅读php源码,发现define的第二个参数其实也可以是一个对象。
先贴一段示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
class A {
    public function __toString() {
        return 'bar';
    }
}

$a = new A();
define('foo', $a);
echo foo;
// 输出bar

接着来看看php中的define究竟是如何实现的:
复制代码 代码如下:
ZEND_FUNCTION(define)
{
    char *name;
    int name_len;
    zval *val;
    zval *val_free = NULL;
    zend_bool non_cs = 0;
    int case_sensitive = CONST_CS;
    zend_constant c;

    // 接收3个参数,string,zval,bool
    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sz|b", &name, &name_len, &val, &non_cs) == FAILURE) {
        return;
    }

    // 是否大小写敏感
    if(non_cs) {
        case_sensitive = 0;
    }

    // 如果define类常量,则报错
    if (zend_memnstr(name, "::", sizeof("::") - 1, name + name_len)) {
        zend_error(E_WARNING, "Class constants cannot be defined or redefined");
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }

    // 获取真正的值,用val保存
repeat:
    switch (Z_TYPE_P(val)) {
        case IS_LONG:
        case IS_DOUBLE:
        case IS_STRING:
        case IS_BOOL:
        case IS_RESOURCE:
        case IS_NULL:
            break;
        case IS_OBJECT:
            if (!val_free) {
                if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get) {
                    val_free = val = Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get(val TSRMLS_CC);
                    goto repeat;
                } else if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object) {
                    ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(val_free);
                    if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object(val, val_free, IS_STRING TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS) {
                        val = val_free;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            /* no break */
        default:
            zend_error(E_WARNING,"Constants may only evaluate to scalar values");
            if (val_free) {
                zval_ptr_dtor(&val_free);
            }
            RETURN_FALSE;
    }

    // 构建常量
    c.value = *val;
    zval_copy_ctor(&c.value);
    if (val_free) {
        zval_ptr_dtor(&val_free);
    }
    c.flags = case_sensitive; /* non persistent */
    c.name = zend_strndup(name, name_len);
    c.name_len = name_len+1;
    c.module_number = PHP_USER_CONSTANT;

    // 注册常量
    if (zend_register_constant(&c TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS) {
        RETURN_TRUE;
    } else {
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }
}

注意以repeat开始的一段循环,还用到了goto语句T_T
这段代码的作用为:
对于int,float,string,bool,resource,null,则实际定义的常量时直接使用这些值
对于object,则需要将object转成上述6个类型之一(如果转型之后依然是object,则继续转型)
如何将object成6个类型之一呢?从代码上看有2种手段:
复制代码 代码如下:
if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get) {
    val_free = val = Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get(val TSRMLS_CC);
    goto repeat;
}
// __toString()方法会在cast_object中被调用
else if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object) {
    ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(val_free);
    if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object(val, val_free, IS_STRING TSRMLS_CC) == SUCCESS)
    {
        val = val_free;
        break;
    }
}

1,Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->get ,宏展开之后为(*val).value.obj.handlers->get
2,Z_OBJ_HT_P(val)->cast_object,宏展开之后为(*val).value.obj.handlers->cast_object
handlers是一个包含很多函数指针的结构体,具体定义参见_zend_object_handlers 。该结构体中的函数指针均用于操作object,比如读取/修改对象属性、获取/调用对象方法等等…get和cast_object也是其中之一。
对于一般的对象,php提供了标准的cast_object函数zend_std_cast_object_tostring,代码位于php-src/zend/zend-object-handlers.c中:
复制代码 代码如下:
ZEND_API int zend_std_cast_object_tostring(zval *readobj, zval *writeobj, int type TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
    zval *retval;
    zend_class_entry *ce;

    switch (type) {
        case IS_STRING:
            ce = Z_OBJCE_P(readobj);

            // 如果用户的class中定义了__toString,则尝试调用
            if (ce->__tostring &&
                (zend_call_method_with_0_params(&readobj, ce, &ce->__tostring, "__tostring", &retval) || EG(exception))) {
                ……

            }
            return FAILURE;
        ……
    }
    return FAILURE;
}

从上述具体实现来看,默认的cast_object就是去寻找class中的__tostring方法然后调用…
回到刚开始的例子,define(‘foo', $a) ,由于$a是A的实例,并且class A中定义了__toString,因此实际上foo常量就等于toString的返回值bar。

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