为方便说明,先上代码吧
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* curl POST
*
* @param string url
* @param array 数据
* @param int 请求超时时间
* @param bool HTTPS时是否进行严格认证
* @return string
*/
function curlPost($url, $data = array(), $timeout = 30, $CA = true){
$cacert = getcwd() . '/cacert.pem'; //CA根证书
$SSL = substr($url, 0, 8) == "https://" ? true : false;
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $timeout);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, $timeout-2);
if ($SSL && $CA) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true); // 只信任CA颁布的证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $cacert); // CA根证书(用来验证的网站证书是否是CA颁布)
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); // 检查证书中是否设置域名,并且是否与提供的主机名匹配
} else if ($SSL && !$CA) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // 信任任何证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 1); // 检查证书中是否设置域名
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:')); //避免data数据过长问题
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
//curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($data)); //data with URLEncode
$ret = curl_exec($ch);
//var_dump(curl_error($ch)); //查看报错信息
curl_close($ch);
return $ret;
}
如果URL地址是https打头,那就走SSL,否则就走普通的HTTP协议。
是否走HTTPS的话就安全了吗?其实SSL也有不同的验证程度。
例如需不需要验证证书中的公用名呢?(BTW:公用名(Common Name)一般来讲就是填写你将要申请SSL证书的域名 (domain)或子域名(sub domain)。)
需要验证主机名吗?
是任何证书都信任呢还是只信任CA颁布的呢?
(我擦嘞,电池快没点了,只捡关键地儿说了 - -|||)
如果网站SSL证书买的是CA的(通常比较贵),那么访问时可以使用比较严格的认证,即:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true); // 只信任CA颁布的证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $cacert); // CA根证书(用来验证的网站证书是否是CA颁布)
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); // 检查证书中是否设置域名,并且是否与提供的主机名匹配
如果网站的证书是自己生成的,或者是网上的小机构申请的,那么访问时如果使用严格认证则不会通过,直接返回false。(对了,返回false时可以打印curl_error($ch)查看具体错误信息。)此时可以根据情况通过降低验证程度来保证正常访问,例如:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // 信任任何证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 1); // 检查证书中是否设置域名(为0也可以,就是连域名存在与否都不验证了)
平时我们使用浏览器访问各个https网站时,有时会遇到证书不受信的提示,其实就是因为这些网站的证书不是正规CA机构颁布的。
市面上各种浏览器中都内置了CA根证书列表信息,访问有CA颁布证书的网站时,会根据根证书验证这些网站的证书,所以就不会有这个提示了。
关于CA根证书文件,其实就是包含了各个主要CA机构的公钥证书,用来验证网站的证书是否是这些机构颁发的。
这里的这个文件是来源于mozilla的源码树,又转换成PEM格式证书文件。(大家可以到这里下载现成的http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem)
最后说一个和SSL无关的东西:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:'));
这个主要是为了解决POST时数据过长问题

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PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

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PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

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PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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