1. addslashes
addslashes对SQL语句中的特殊字符进行转义操作，包括(‘), (“), (), (NUL)四个字符，此函数在DBMS没有自己的转义函数时候使用，但是如果DBMS有自己的转义函数，那么推荐使用原装函数，比如MySQL有mysql_real_escape_string函数用来转义SQL。 注意在PHP5.3之前，magic_quotes_gpc是默认开启的，其主要是在$GET, $POST, $COOKIE上执行addslashes操作，所以不需要在这些变量上重复调用addslashes，否则会double escaping的。不过magic_quotes_gpc在PHP5.3就已经被废弃，从PHP5.4开始就已经被移除了，如果使用PHP最新版本可以不用担心这个问题。stripslashes为addslashes的unescape函数。
2. htmlspecialchars
htmlspecialchars把HTML中的几个特殊字符转义成HTML Entity(格式：&xxxx;)形式，包括(&),(‘),(“),()五个字符。
& (AND) => &
” (双引号) => " (当ENT_NOQUOTES没有设置的时候)
‘ (单引号) => ' (当ENT_QUOTES设置)
> (大于号) => >
htmlspecialchars可以用来过滤$GET，$POST，$COOKIE数据，预防XSS。注意htmlspecialchars函数只是把认为有安全隐患的HTML字符进行转义，如果想要把HTML所有可以转义的字符都进行转义的话请使用htmlentities。htmlspecialchars_decode为htmlspecialchars的decode函数。
3. htmlentities
htmlentities把HTML中可以转义的内容转义成HTML Entity。html_entity_decode为htmlentities的decode函数。
4. mysql_real_escape_string
mysql_real_escape_string会调用MySQL的库函数mysql_real_escape_string，对(\x00), (\n), (\r), (), (‘), (\x1a)进行转义，即在前面添加反斜杠()，预防SQL注入。注意你不需要在读取数据库数据的时候调用stripslashes来进行unescape，因为这些反斜杠是在数据库执行SQL的时候添加的，当把数据写入到数据库的时候反斜杠会被移除，所以写入到数据库的内容就是原始数据，并不会在前面多了反斜杠。
5. strip_tags
strip_tags会过滤掉NUL，HTML和PHP的标签。
6. 结语
PHP自带的安全函数并不能完全避免XSS，推荐使用HTML Purifier
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