1、什么是命名空间?
命名空间是一种特殊的作用域,它包含处于该作用域下的标识符,同时它本身也是一种标识符。可以把命名空间与操作系统的目录对应起来。一个命名空间相当于一个目录,命名空间里的类,函数,常量,相当于目录里的文件。同一个目录(命名空间)里的文件名不能相同,但是不同的目录里可以有相同名字的文件。
2、使用命名空间为了解决什么问题?
解决名字冲突,比如定义了一个类,正好这个类与PHP内部的类或是include进来的一个类库里的类重名了。
提高代码可读性,命名空间有一个别名功能,它可以帮你给一个长达十几个字符的类名起一个别名,从而缩短代码,也不用担心与其他空间的命名冲突。
3、哪一些代码会受命名空间的影响。
三类:类、函数、常量。只有它们兄弟三受影响,其他的该干嘛,还干嘛去。说到常量,php 5.3以后可以使用const关键字来定义常量,5.3这前使用define,命名空间只对const关键字有效。
4、命名空间如何定义
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyProject;
const CONNECT_OK = 1;//php5.3以后
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
#例子二
namespace MyProjectSubLevel;
const CONNECT_OK = 1;//php5.3以后
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
使用 `namespace 空间名` 来申明一个空间,在namespace之前除了declare语句不能有任何其他php语句,同时也不能有任何非php代码,连空格都不能有。
以下为错误的形式:
复制代码 代码如下:
$a = 1;
namespace MyProject;
?>www.bitsCN.com
//Fatal error: Namespace declaration statement has to be the very first statement in the script...
另外同一个命名空间是可以定义在多个文件中,这对于组织框架是非常有用的。即以同一个namespace MyProject;开头的文件,它们是同一个命名空间。所以注意文件之间可不要有相同的类/函数/常量名哦。
当然同一个文件也可以定义多个命名空间,不过非常不建议这样做的。(了解同一个文件定义多个命名空间)
5、命名空间如何使用
命名空间有三种使用形式:
. 非限定名称 -- 没有使用任何的分割符,直接使用类/函数/常量名,如:new Foo(); foo(); echo FOO; 当文件有使用命名空间时,
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject;
new Foo(); // 调用MyObjectFoo();
foo(); //调用MyObjectFoo();
echo FOO; //调用MyObjectFOO;
非完全限定名称 -- 不是以分割符开头,如 new SubFoo(); 这种形式与非限定名称方式一样。
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject; new SubFoo(); //调用MyObjectSubFoo();
完全限定名称 -- 以分割符开头的方式,相当于操作系统里的绝对地址。如 new OtherNSFoo();
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject; new OtherNSFoo(); //调用OtherNsFoo(); 不管MyObject命名空间。
Tip: 对于函数和常量,还有一个特殊的地方(后备全局函数/常量)。
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject;
funcname(); //如果MyObjectFuncname存在则调用MyObjectFuncname(),否则试着调用funcname(); echo FOO; //同上。
对于类,也有一个特殊的地方。
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject;
new Foo(); //*如果MyObjectFoo存在,调用之,如果不存在,调用__autoload试着加载MyObjectFoo类进来。
//注意对于类是不会去自动去调用全局作用域下的类的。
之前说了,命名空间还有一个用途-取别名。
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObject;
use OtherNSSub as Other;
use OtherNSSub2; //相当于use OtherNSSub2 as Sub2;
use /MyClass;
new Foo(); //调用MyObjectFoo();
new OtherFoo(); //调用 OtherNSSubFoo();
new Sub2Foo(); //调用OtherNSSub2Foo();
new MyClass(); //调用MyClass();
6、动态命名空间
动态总是能让人摸不着头脑,然而又带来灵活性。命名空间同样可以使用动态语言特点,但要注意由于直接调用命名空间是编译时解析的,而动态特征并非编译时解析。所以一定要加前缀。如:
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyObjectSub;
new Foo(); //调用 MyObjectSubFoo(), 编译时已经解析成MyObjectSubFoo
$a = 'Foo';
new $a(); //调用的是Foo(),而不是MyObjectSubFoo()
$b = 'MyObjectSubFoo'; //等价于 MyObjectSubFoo
new $b(); //调用MyObjectSubFoo()
//如果使用双引号,要用\,如 $a = "\MyObject\Sub";
附1:同一个文件定义多个命名空间
方法有两种:
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyProject;
const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
namespace AnotherProject;
const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
方法一,记流水帐。
复制代码 代码如下:
namespace MyProject {
const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
}
namespace AnotherProject {
const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
}
namespace { //全局
const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */ }
}
方法二,使用大括号把同一个命名空间的代码放在大括号里。这种方法,要求在大括号外不能有任何除了declare之外的代码。对于全局作用域的代码使用没有空间名的大括号包围起来。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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