Golang learning web application testing

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the importance of Web applications is becoming more and more important. In order to ensure the quality and reliability of web applications, testing is inevitable. In Golang learning, web application testing is also a part that needs to be focused on and studied. This article will describe the testing of web applications in Golang learning, including unit testing, integration testing and end-to-end testing.

1. Unit testing

Unit testing refers to testing the smallest testable unit in the program to ensure that each unit of the program can run normally. In web applications, unit testing generally targets logical units such as routing and processors.

The following is a simple example showing how to use the testing package of the Go language for unit testing:

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)

func TestHelloHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/hello", nil)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatal(err)
    }

    rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
    handler := http.HandlerFunc(helloHandler)

    handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)

    if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
        t.Errorf("handler returned wrong status code: got %v want %v",
            status, http.StatusOK)
    }

    if rr.Body.String() != "Hello, World!" {
        t.Errorf("handler returned unexpected body: got %v want %v",
            rr.Body.String(), "Hello, World!")
    }
}

func helloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("Hello, World!"))
}

Above we created the TestHelloHandler test function using the testing.T structure type of the testing package. This function will initiate a GET request to the "/hello" route of the application and check whether the response status code and response body are correct.

2. Integration testing

Integration testing refers to integrating the dependencies between unit tests to ensure that the entire program can run normally. In web applications, integration testing generally tests SQL statements, stored procedures, etc.

The following is a simple example showing how to use the Go language's net/http and database/sql packages for integration testing:

package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "os"
    "testing"

    _ "github.com/lib/pq"
)

var (
    db *sql.DB
    ts *httptest.Server
)

func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
    db, _ = sql.Open("postgres", "user=postgres password=postgres host=localhost port=5432 dbname=test sslmode=disable")
    defer db.Close()

    if err := db.Ping(); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Could not connect to database: %v", err)
    }
    log.Println("Database connected")

    ts = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(helloHandler))
    defer ts.Close()

    code := m.Run()

    os.Exit(code)
}

func TestDatabase(t *testing.T) {
    if err := db.Ping(); err != nil {
        t.Errorf("failed to ping database: %v", err)
    }
}

func TestHelloHandler(t *testing.T) {
    resp, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/hello")
    if err != nil {
        t.Errorf("failed to send GET request to server: %v", err)
    }

    if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
        t.Fatalf("expected status code %d but got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
    }

    if resp.Header.Get("Content-Type") != "text/plain; charset=utf-8" {
        t.Errorf("unexpected response content type")
    }
}

Above we use the Go language's database/sql package to connect and The connection to the PostgreSQL database was tested; at the same time, we also used the net/http package to simulate the web server and send a GET request, and tested whether the response to the request was correct. Before testing the function, we initialized the database and ran the test server using the TestMain function.

3. End-to-end testing

End-to-end testing refers to testing the entire application and simulating user operations to ensure that the program works as the user expects. In web applications, end-to-end testing generally tests the application's interface and interactions through automated tools.

The following is a simple example showing how to use the selenium package of the Go language and the chrome driver for end-to-end testing:

package main

import (
    "testing"

    "github.com/tebeka/selenium"
)

func TestWebInterface(t *testing.T) {
    caps := selenium.Capabilities{"browserName": "chrome"}
    wd, err := selenium.NewRemote(caps, "")
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("failed to create WebDriver: %v", err)
    }
    defer wd.Quit()

    if err := wd.Get("http://localhost:8080"); err != nil {
        t.Errorf("failed to visit homepage: %v", err)
    }

    elem, err := wd.FindElement(selenium.ByCSSSelector, "h1")
    if err != nil {
        t.Errorf("failed to find header element: %v", err)
    }

    txt, err := elem.Text()
    if err != nil {
        t.Errorf("failed to get header text: %v", err)
    }

    if txt != "Welcome to my website!" {
        t.Errorf("unexpected header text")
    }
}

Above we use the selenium package of the Go language and the chrome driver The Web interface was simulated, the interface and interaction of the application were tested, and the h1 element in the page was checked to see if it met the requirements.

Summary

When testing web applications, unit testing, integration testing and end-to-end testing are all indispensable. Among them, unit testing is mainly used to test the smallest logical unit in the program; integration testing is used to test the dependencies and overall operation of the program; and end-to-end testing is used to test the user interface and interaction of the application. The above three testing methods can all be implemented using the testing package of Go language.

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