Permission control in Beego - making your web application more secure

Beego is a Web framework based on the Go language. It provides some convenient and fast tools to develop efficient and secure Web applications. Security is a very important aspect when developing web applications. This article will introduce how to use Beego to implement permission control to protect your web application and make it more secure.

What is permission control?

Permission control is a technology that authenticates and authorizes users in web applications. It can restrict users from accessing certain sensitive pages or performing certain sensitive operations, such as adding, modifying or deleting data. Permission control is a way to protect the security of web applications by preventing unauthorized users from taking undesirable actions. For some particularly sensitive operations, authorization from a specific user role is required, such as system administrator or power user. Permission control technology allows you to implement this requirement in web applications.

Permission control module in Beego

In Beego, you can use the beego.Acl module to implement permission control. This module provides a multi-level permission control system that allows you to authorize different user roles to control the different levels of pages and resources that users can access. It has the following characteristics:

1. Multi-level permission control: supports multi-level authorization of user roles, such as ordinary users and administrators.
2. Easy to use: Just define the user role and corresponding permissions in your application to use it.
3. Applies to both code and templates: User permissions can be controlled through code and templates.
4. Extensibility: New user roles and permissions can be freely defined.

Permission control implementation in Beego

Let us use a simple example to demonstrate how to use Beego to implement permission control. Suppose we have a user information management system with two roles: administrator and ordinary user. Administrators can add, modify and delete user information, while ordinary users can only view information.

First, we need to define user roles, permissions and authorization in the application's initialization code. Defined through Beego's Init function. The code is as follows:

func init() {
    //admin role
    beego.Acl.AddRole("admin")

    //normal role
    beego.Acl.AddRole("normal")

    //user info resource
    beego.Acl.AddResource("/admin/user", "GET", "POST", "DELETE")

    //set role auth
    beego.Acl.AddRoleForUser("admin", "admin")
    beego.Acl.AddRoleForUser("normal", "normal")

    //set auth for role and resource
    beego.Acl.Allow("admin", "/admin/user", "*")
    beego.Acl.Deny("normal", "/admin/user", "POST", "DELETE")
}

In this code, we define two user roles: admin and normal. We also defined a resource, user information (/admin/user), and restricted its access methods: GET, POST and DELETE. Next, we set the corresponding roles for admin and normal respectively, and then authorized them. We allow the admin role to have full permissions on user information resources, but prohibit the normal role from making POST and DELETE requests for resources. Here, we use the * symbol to indicate full permissions.

Next, use Beego’s ac interface in our controller to control user permissions. The code is as follows:

func (c *UserController) List() {
    if beego.Acl.HasRole(c.GetSession("username").(string), "admin") {
        // get userlist
    } else {
        c.Data["error"] = "permission denied"
        c.TplName = "error.html"
    }
}

func (c *UserController) Add() {
    if beego.Acl.HasPermission(c.GetSession("username").(string), "/admin/user", "POST") {
        // add user
    } else {
        c.Data["error"] = "permission denied"
        c.TplName = "error.html"
    }
}

func (c *UserController) Delete() {
    if beego.Acl.HasPermission(c.GetSession("username").(string), "/admin/user", "DELETE") {
        // delete user
    } else {
        c.Data["error"] = "permission denied"
        c.TplName = "error.html"
    }
}

In fact, the Controller implements the beego.ACLer interface, so you can directly use beego.Acl for permission control. In this example, we check if the current user has the appropriate permissions. If the current user has the administrator role, allow them to access /api/user/, otherwise return an error message.

Finally, we need to render the permission judgment in the corresponding template (such as user.tpl). The code is as follows:

{{if beego.Acl.HasPermission .username "/admin/user" "POST"}}
    <a href="#">Add User</a>
{{end}}

{{if beego.Acl.HasPermission .username "/admin/user" "DELETE"}}
    <a href="#">Delete User</a>
{{end}}

In this example, we use the beego.Acl.HasPermission function to check whether the current user has access permission for POST or DELETE operations. If there is, the corresponding action button is rendered. Note that using the ac function in the template requires passing the current user's username in the controller.

Summary

In this example, we demonstrate how to use Beego to implement permission control to protect our web application and make it more secure. Beego provides a very simple and easy-to-use API that allows you to easily define user roles, permissions and authorizations and use them in your controllers and templates. Of course, this is just a simple example, you can use it according to your actual needs.

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