Using Mongodb as database in Beego

With the rapid development of Web applications, more and more developers are beginning to use the Beego framework to develop Web applications. Beego framework is a high-performance web framework for building web applications. It is written in Go language, supports MVC architecture, and provides many useful functions and tools.

In Beego, it is very convenient to use MongoDB as the database. MongoDB is an open source document database with high availability, scalability and flexibility. It uses JSON format to store data and provides many extensible features such as indexing, query language, aggregation and geolocation support, etc.

This article will introduce how to use MongoDB as a database in Beego.

1. Install MongoDB

First, you need to install MongoDB and start its service. You can download the installation package from the MongoDB official website and follow the instructions to install it. Then, start the MongoDB service by executing the following command in the terminal:

mongod

2. Install the mgo library

Before using MongoDB, you also need to install the mgo library. The mgo library is a MongoDB driver written in Go that provides all the core functionality needed to interact with MongoDB.

You can use the following command to install the mgo library:

go get gopkg.in/mgo.v2

3. Set up the database connection

Before using MongoDB, you need to set up the database connection. In Beego, you can set up the database connection in the configuration file. Open the conf/app.conf file and add the following content:

# MongoDB configuration
mongo_db = test
mongo_url = localhost:27017

In the above code, the mongo_db parameter specifies the name of the database you want to connect to, and the mongo_url parameter specifies the host and port number where MongoDB is located.

4. Connect to the database

After setting the database configuration, you need to connect to the database in the application. In Beego, you can use MongoController to connect to the database. To do this, you need to create a controller called BaseMongoController as shown below:

package controllers

import (
    "github.com/astaxie/beego"
    "gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
)

type BaseMongoController struct {
    beego.Controller
    Session *mgo.Session
    Database *mgo.Database
}

func (bm *BaseMongoController) Prepare() {
    var err error
    bm.Session, err = mgo.Dial(beego.AppConfig.String("mongo_url"))
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    bm.Database = bm.Session.DB(beego.AppConfig.String("mongo_db"))
}

func (bm *BaseMongoController) Finish() {
    bm.Session.Close()
}

In the above code, BaseMongoController is a controller that inherits beego.Controller. In this controller, we created a Session and Database member variables, connected to the database in the Prepare() function, and closed the database connection in the Finish() function.

5. Using the database

After the connection is successful, you can use MongoDB in the application. The following are some simple operations:

package controllers

import (
    "github.com/astaxie/beego"
    "gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)

type UserController struct {
    BaseMongoController
}

// 添加用户
func (c *UserController) Add() {
    user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 25}
    c.Database.C("users").Insert(&user)
    c.Ctx.WriteString("Add user successfully")
}

// 获取用户
func (c *UserController) Get() {
    var user User
    id := bson.ObjectIdHex(c.Ctx.Input.Param(":id"))
    c.Database.C("users").FindId(id).One(&user)
    c.Data["json"] = user
    c.ServeJSON()
}

// 更新用户
func (c *UserController) Update() {
    id := bson.ObjectIdHex(c.Ctx.Input.Param(":id"))
    c.Database.C("users").UpdateId(id, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"Name": "Bob", "Age": 30}})
    c.Ctx.WriteString("Update user successfully")
}

// 删除用户
func (c *UserController) Delete() {
    id := bson.ObjectIdHex(c.Ctx.Input.Param(":id"))
    c.Database.C("users").RemoveId(id)
    c.Ctx.WriteString("Delete user successfully")
}

6. Conclusion

In this article, we introduced how to use MongoDB as a database in Beego. First, we installed MongoDB and the mgo library, then configured the database connection, connected to the database in BaseMongoController, and provided some operations, such as adding, getting, updating, and deleting data. We hope this article has been helpful to you and made using MongoDB in Beego more convenient.

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