How to send emails using PHP

With the development of the Internet, email has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. In Internet application development, email is also an essential function. As a popular server-side scripting language, PHP also provides a wealth of email sending functions and class libraries. In this article, we will introduce how to send emails using PHP.

1. PHP built-in email sending function

In PHP, the mail() function is provided for sending emails. Using this function requires setting parameters such as email header information, recipient address, email subject, and email content. The following is a simple usage example:

$to = '收件人邮箱';
$subject = '邮件主题';
$message = '邮件内容';
$from = '发件人邮箱';
$headers = "From: $from" . "
" . "Reply-To: $from" . "
" . "X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion();
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);

In the above code, we define the recipient address, email subject, email content, sender email address and email header information. The email header information needs to be passed in the form of a string, using
to indicate line breaks. When using the mail() function to send emails, the server needs to support the sendmail or SMTP protocol. If the server does not support either protocol, the mail() function will fail. Therefore, we need to use the SMTP class library to send emails.

2. Use PHPMailer class library

PHPMailer is a popular PHP email sending class library, which provides rich functions and flexible interfaces. Use PHPMailer to easily send HTML emails, attachments, and emails with authentication information. The following is an example of using PHPMailer to send emails:

use PHPMailerPHPMailerPHPMailer;
use PHPMailerPHPMailerException;

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

// 实例化PHPMailer类
$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {
    // 服务器配置
    $mail->isSMTP();
    $mail->Host = 'smtp.gmail.com';
    $mail->SMTPAuth = true;
    $mail->Username = '你的Gmail邮箱';
    $mail->Password = '你的Gmail邮箱密码';
    $mail->SMTPSecure = 'tls';
    $mail->Port = 587;

    // 收件人信息
    $mail->setFrom('发件人邮箱', '发件人名称');
    $mail->addAddress('收件人邮箱', '收件人名称');

    // 邮件内容
    $mail->isHTML(true);
    $mail->Subject = '邮件主题';
    $mail->Body    = '邮件内容';

    // 发送邮件
    $mail->send();
    echo '邮件发送成功！';
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo '邮件发送失败: ', $mail->ErrorInfo;
}

In the above code example, we first use Composer to install the PHPMailer class library and use the use keyword to import the namespace. Next, we instantiate the PHPMailer class and set the relevant configuration of the SMTP server, recipient address, email subject, email content and other information. Finally, call the send() method to send the email.

In short, sending emails in PHP does not require too much code. We only need to choose the appropriate method and set the relevant parameters. When calling the email sending function, you need to pay attention to selecting the appropriate email sending method and setting the relevant email header information. Although using the PHPMailer class library requires the introduction of more code, it provides richer functions and a more flexible interface, and can also handle exceptions more conveniently. I believe that in actual development, readers can choose the appropriate method to implement the email sending function according to actual needs.

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