How to deal with database and cache in PHP backend API development

With the rapid development of Internet technology, PHP in the field of web development has become one of the most popular back-end languages. In PHP back-end development, database and cache processing are very important. This article will focus on how to deal with databases and caching.

1. Database processing

1. Choose a suitable database

When developing PHP back-end API, we need to choose a suitable database to store data. Commonly used databases include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, etc. When selecting a database, the decision needs to be made based on the actual situation of the project.

For example, if our project needs to process a large amount of data, then we can choose a relational database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL. If our project needs to read data quickly, we can choose a Memory Key-Value type database such as Redis. If our project needs to process massive amounts of unstructured data, we can choose a NoSQL database like MongoDB.

2. Optimize database operations

When performing database operations, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) Reasonable use of indexes

Indexes can Improve the efficiency of data query and sorting. But don't abuse indexes. If there are too many indexes, it will affect the efficiency of data writing. Reasonable use of indexes can improve query efficiency, but do not rely too much on indexes.

(2) Avoid full table scan

Full table scan is a very inefficient operation and will consume a lot of CPU and memory resources. Therefore, when performing queries, you should try to use where conditions to filter to avoid full table scans.

(3) Use cache

Using cache can reduce the read and write pressure on the database and improve system performance. We can use cache databases such as Redis to cache commonly used data, which can greatly reduce the number of database reads.

2. Caching processing

Caching can improve the performance of web applications and reduce the reading and writing pressure on the database. The use of caching is very important when doing PHP backend API development.

1. Choose the appropriate cache type

In PHP back-end API development, there are two commonly used cache types: file cache and memory cache.

File caching is to write data into a file and cache it by reading and writing the file. Its advantage is that it is simple to use and can automatically delete expired caches based on the expiration time of the file. But its disadvantage is that the read and write speed is slow, and when the amount of cached data increases, it will occupy too much hard disk space.

Memory caching is to store data in memory and cache it by reading and writing to the memory. Its advantage is that it has fast reading and writing speeds and can quickly handle a large number of requests. But its disadvantage is that it cannot persist data and will be lost once the server is restarted.

2. Optimize cache operations

In actual development, we need to pay attention to the following aspects to optimize cache operations:

(1) Use consistent hashing algorithm

Using consistent hashing algorithm can make the cache data more evenly distributed. The consistent hashing algorithm can reduce cache data migration caused by adding or deleting nodes and improve the stability of the system.

(2) Choose an appropriate cache elimination algorithm

The cache elimination algorithm can keep the cached data up-to-date. Currently commonly used cache elimination algorithms include FIFO (First In First Out), LRU (Least Recently Used), LFU (Least Frequently Used) and other algorithms. We can choose the appropriate algorithm according to the actual situation.

(3) Properly set the cache expiration time

Properly set the cache expiration time to keep the cached data up-to-date. We can set an appropriate expiration time according to the actual situation to avoid cached data from expiring or being used all the time, causing a waste of resources.

Summary

In PHP back-end API development, database and cache processing are very important. We need to choose an appropriate database to store data and use caching to improve system performance. At the same time, we also need to optimize the operation of the database and cache to improve the stability and efficiency of the system.

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