Data loading techniques in MySQL

MySQL is a widely used relational database management system that provides numerous data processing functions and powerful data storage capabilities. In practical applications, we usually need to load data in different formats into the MySQL database. This not only involves the selection of data sources, but also requires consideration of how to optimize data loading efficiency and ensure data security. This article will introduce data loading techniques in MySQL to help you load data more efficiently.

1. Database design and data table creation

Before loading data, you need to perform database design and data table creation first. This is a critical step, directly related to data storage, query and management efficiency. When designing a database, you need to select appropriate data types, data table structures, indexes, etc. based on actual business needs and data characteristics.

When creating a data table, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Select the appropriate data type. For example, use the INT type to store integer values, use the VARCHAR type to store string values, use the FLOAT or DOUBLE type to store floating point values, etc.

2. Set the primary key and unique index. The primary key can help us quickly locate and update data, and the unique index can prevent repeated insertion of data.

3. Set appropriate partitioning strategy. Partitioning can divide a large table into several small tables to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

2. Data source selection

Before loading data, you need to select an appropriate data source. Commonly used data sources include CSV files, databases, log files, JSON/XML files, and real-time streaming data.

1.CSV file

CSV file is a common text format file that can be quickly loaded through the LOAD DATA INFILE command that comes with MySQL. For example, load the csv file "data.csv" into a data table named "table_name":

LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.csv'
INTO TABLE table_name
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ', '
ENCLOSED BY '"'
LINES TERMINATED BY '
';

Among them, "FIELDS TERMINATED BY" specifies the delimiter of the field, and "ENCLOSED BY" specifies the boundary symbol of the field. Common boundary symbols are quotation marks or single quotation marks. "LINES TERMINATED BY" specifies the delimiter of rows.

2. Database

Import data from another database into the data of the current database through the SELECT statement table. For example, import the data table "source_table" in the database named "source_db" into the data table "target_table" of the current database:

INSERT INTO target_table
SELECT *
FROM source_db .source_table;

3. Log file

MySQL has a tool called mysqlbinlog, which can read the contents of the log file into the MySQL database.

mysqlbinlog log_file | mysql -u root -p

Where "log_file" is the generated binary log file.

4.JSON/XML file

MySQL 5.7 or above supports JSON and XML documents The data in is loaded into MySQL. For example, load the JSON file named "data.json" into the data table named "table_name":

LOAD DATA INFILE 'data.json'
INTO TABLE table_name
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '
'
(column_name1, column_name2);

In the above command, the content in "()`" is the name of the data column that needs to be imported.

5. Real-time streaming data

MySQL 5.7 or above supports loading real-time streaming data into MySQL data table. For example, load data read from the data stream of a TCP/IP connection into a data table named "table_name":

LOAD DATA INFILE 'mysql://user:pass@host :port/db/[table]'
INTO TABLE table_name
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ' '
LINES TERMINATED BY '
';

In the above command, "mysql:// user:pass@host:port/db/[table]" is the TCP/IP connection address. "FIELDS TERMINATED BY" and "LINES TERMINATED BY" also specify the delimiter and line delimiter.

3. Data loading optimization

When loading data, you need to pay attention to the following aspects to optimize data loading efficiency:

1. Turn off the tuning options of the MySQL server . Specific tuning options in a MySQL server instance can be disabled or enabled by setting the "SET GLOBAL and SET SESSION" parameters.

2. Use the method recommended in the official documentation. The MySQL official documentation has proposed many best practices for data loading methods, and you can choose according to the actual situation.

3. Delete unnecessary constraints in the data table. Removing unnecessary constraints can reduce the overhead of database operations and improve data loading efficiency.

4. Data Security

When loading data, you also need to pay attention to data security. The following are some common data encryption and password protection technologies:

1. SSL/TLS protocol

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are Network security protocols can ensure the security of data transmission during the communication process between the client and the server. MySQL can protect data security by turning on the SSL/TLS protocol.

2. Data column level encryption

You can set the field type in the data table to BLOB or binary string type, and use data column level encryption to protect sensitive Data security.

3. Password protection

When loading data, you need to pay attention to the security protection of the database account and password. Passwords can be encrypted and protected using a password manager.

In short, when loading MySQL data, you need to choose the appropriate data source and loading method according to business needs and data characteristics, and pay attention to the optimization of data security and loading efficiency in actual operations, so that you can better Ensure data quality and management efficiency.

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