Laravel development: How to use Laravel Migration to manage database migrations?

In Laravel development, database management is a very important part. Laravel Migration provides a convenient way to manage database migration. Next, let us learn how to use Laravel Migration to manage database migration.

What is Laravel Migration?

Laravel Migration is a tool used to manage database migration. It can be used to record all modification operations on the database, including creating, modifying and deleting table structures, adding, Modify and delete fields, set indexes and foreign key constraints, and more. With Laravel Migration, we are able to easily upgrade and maintain the database without causing data loss or structural chaos.

How to use Laravel Migration?

1. Create Laravel Migration

First, we need to create a new Laravel Migration through the terminal command (Terminal). In Laravel, we can create a new Migration through the following command:

php artisan make:migration create_user_table

After running the command, Laravel Migration will automatically create a Migration file in the database/migrations directory, as shown below:

<?php

use IlluminateDatabaseMigrationsMigration;
use IlluminateDatabaseSchemaBlueprint;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesSchema;

class CreateUserTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('user', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('user');
    }
}

In this Migration file, we define a Migration called "create_user_table", which will create a "user" table with id, name, email, email_verified_at, password, remember_token and timestamps fields.

Note: Laravel Migration must use plural form for data table names.

2. Run Laravel Migration

Complete the writing of the Migration file. Next we need to run the Migration file. In Laravel, we can run Migration through the following command:

php artisan migrate

After running the command, Laravel Migration will automatically perform all operations defined in the Migration file and create a new "user" table in the database.

In this process, we can observe the execution of Laravel Migration through the command line and understand the status of Laravel Migration. For example, if we need to check the migration status in the database, we can use the following command:

php artisan migrate:status

This command will return the status of all migration files, including executed and pending migration files.

3. Modify Laravel Migration

If you need to modify or update the table structure in the database, we can do it by modifying the existing Migration file. For example, if we need to add an "age" field to the "user" table, we can do it through the following process:

• Modify the Migration file and add the "age" field:

$table->integer('age');

• Run Laravel Migration:

php artisan migrate

When Laravel Migration detects a new Migration file, it will automatically perform all new Migration operations.

4. Rollback Laravel Migration

Laravel Migration provides a rollback operation that can execute all previously executed Migration files to roll the database back to before status. For example, if we need to roll back the previous Migration file, we can do it with the following command:

php artisan migrate:rollback

After running the command, Laravel Migration will undo all the latest Migration files and restore the database to the latest pre-execution state.

Summary

Laravel Migration is a very useful tool that can facilitate us to manage database migration. Through Laravel Migration, we can easily upgrade and maintain the database without manual changes to the database, and without causing data loss or structural confusion. Therefore, it is very necessary to reasonably use Laravel Migration in Laravel development.

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