PHP crawler practice: crawling Douyu live broadcast data

With the development of Internet technology, data crawling has increasingly become an important prerequisite skill in fields such as data analysis and machine learning. Among them, crawler technology is even more indispensable. As a widely used back-end programming language, PHP also has extensive applications and advantages in the crawler field. This article will take crawling Douyu live broadcast data as an example to introduce the practical application of PHP crawler.

1. Preparation work

Before starting the crawler, we need to do some preparation work. First, you need to build a local server environment. It is recommended to use integrated tools such as WAMP and XAMPP to facilitate the deployment of PHP environments.

Secondly, we need to install PHP related libraries and tools, including cURL, simple_html_dom and other components. cURL is a high-level network data transfer library that can be used for operations such as HTTP requests. simple_html_dom is a library for parsing HTML, which can help us extract various information from web pages quickly and easily.

2. Crawling Douyu live broadcast data

Next, we can start writing crawler code. Taking the crawling of Douyu live broadcast data as an example, we first need to clarify the target web page and data to be crawled. In this article, we will take the Douyu homepage as an example to obtain information about some popular live broadcast rooms, including live broadcast room names, anchor names, number of viewers, live broadcast room links, etc.

The following is the basic crawler code framework:

<?php
// 1. 导入 simple_html_dom 库
require 'simple_html_dom.php';

// 2. 指定爬虫目标网页 URL
$url = 'https://www.douyu.com/';

// 3. 使用 cURL 发起 HTTP 请求，并获取响应结果
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); // 设置返回结果为字符串
$response = curl_exec($ch);

// 4. 解析 HTML，并提取目标信息
$html = new simple_html_dom();
$html->load($response);
// TODO: 提取目标信息

// 5. 清理资源
$html->clear();
curl_close($ch);
?>

Among them, the first step is to import the simple_html_dom library, the second step is to specify the crawler target web page URL, and the third step is to use cURL to initiate an HTTP request and obtain Respond to the results and clean up resources in step 5. These steps are relatively basic and will not be described in detail here.

The key step is step 4, which is to parse the HTML and extract the target information. On the Douyu homepage, the information about popular live broadcast rooms is contained in a div element named DyListCover-info, then we can use the find()## provided by the simple_html_dom library. # Method to filter out these div elements and extract the information.

The specific code is as follows:

// 4. 解析 HTML，并提取目标信息
$hot_list = [];
foreach ($html->find('.DyListCover-info') as $item) {
  $hot = [];
  $hot['title'] = $item->find('.DyListCover-intro', 0)->plaintext; // 直播间名称
  $hot['anchor'] = $item->find('.DyListCover-user', 0)->plaintext; // 主播名
  $hot['viewer'] = $item->find('.DyListCover-hot', 0)->plaintext; // 观看人数
  $hot['url'] = $item->find('a', 0)->href; // 直播间链接
  array_push($hot_list, $hot);
}
echo json_encode($hot_list);

In the above code, we use the

$html->find('.DyListCover-info') selector to obtain all popular div elements of the live broadcast room information, and then further extract the target information through their child elements. Note that a PHP array is used here to store the extracted data, and it is converted into JSON format and output to the terminal through the json_encode() method.

Summary

This article introduces the practical application of PHP crawler. Taking crawling Douyu live broadcast data as an example, the basic application process of PHP crawler is explained in detail. In practice, we can continue to expand and optimize the crawler code according to specific needs, such as using PHP multi-threading, asynchronous programming and other technologies to further improve efficiency and stability, or storing the crawled data in a database or cloud platform for processing More in-depth analysis and applications.

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