Nginx HTTP protocol security settings

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server. Due to its excellent performance and powerful functions, it has been increasingly used and has become a leader in the current field of web application servers. In the process of using Nginx for web application development and deployment, a very important issue is how to ensure the security of the HTTP protocol. This article will introduce how to set up Nginx HTTP protocol security from the following aspects.

1. Enable HTTPS protocol

The HTTP protocol itself is unsafe. Because the HTTP protocol is transmitted in clear text, it is easily stolen by hackers. In order to ensure the security of the HTTP protocol, we can upgrade the HTTP protocol to the HTTPS protocol. The HTTPS protocol uses the SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt the HTTP protocol to ensure data security during network transmission. In order to enable the HTTPS protocol, we need to perform the following steps:

1. Purchase or generate an SSL certificate yourself

2. Enable HTTPS support in the Nginx configuration file

3 .Configure HTTPS listening port

2. Restrict HTTP request methods

HTTP request methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc. The GET method is used to obtain resources from the server, and the POST method is used to submit data to the server. Although these methods are very common in web applications, they can also be exploited by hackers. For example, hackers can steal the user's login information through the POST method, and then obtain the user's account number and password. In order to avoid this situation from happening, we can limit the HTTP request method and only allow users to make requests using the required methods. In Nginx, we can use the following instructions to limit the HTTP request method:

limit_except GET {

deny all;

}

The above instructions indicate that only the GET method is allowed to make requests. Other HTTP request methods will be rejected.

3. Set HTTP request header restrictions

HTTP request headers include a lot of useful information, such as User-Agent, Cookie, etc. However, these request headers can also be used for attacks. For example, in a SQL injection attack, a hacker can perform the attack by modifying the Cookie value in the HTTP request header. In order to ensure the security of the HTTP protocol, we can set HTTP request header restrictions. In Nginx, you can use the following directive to set HTTP request header restrictions:

if ($http_user_agent ~* ^curl) {

return 403;

}

The above directive means if If the User-Agent information in the HTTP request header contains the curl string, the request will be rejected.

4. Filter specific HTTP requests

In web applications, there are some HTTP requests that are easily exploited by hackers for attacks. For example, to attack the /etc/passwd file leak vulnerability, hackers can add directory traversal symbols such as ../ to HTTP requests to obtain sensitive information on the server. In order to avoid this attack, we need to filter HTTP requests to prohibit them from containing dangerous characters or character sequences. In Nginx, you can use the following directive to filter specific HTTP requests:

if ($request_uri ~* "/etc/passwd") {

return 403;

}

above The directive indicates that if the HTTP request contains the /etc/passwd character sequence, the request will be rejected.

Summary

This article introduces how to set up the HTTP protocol security of Nginx. In the process of using Nginx for web application development and deployment, we need to pay attention to ensuring the security of the HTTP protocol. By enabling the HTTPS protocol, restricting HTTP request methods, setting HTTP request header restrictions, and filtering specific HTTP requests, we can effectively improve the security of web applications.

The above is the detailed content of Nginx HTTP protocol security settings. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!