How to use Nginx to perform security scans and improve server security

With the continuous development of the Internet, server security has attracted more and more attention. Nginx is a commonly used web server software that can assist in performing security scans and improve server security. This article will tell you how to use Nginx to perform security scans and improve server security.

1. Install Nginx and SSL certificate

First, you need to install Nginx and SSL certificate. An SSL certificate is a security protocol that ensures encryption of data transmission between the client and server to prevent third parties from stealing data.

When installing Nginx, make sure you have configured an SSL certificate. You can check whether your SSL certificate is installed successfully by visiting https://yourwebsitedomain/.

2. Use Nginx to configure the firewall

Nginx can be used as a reverse proxy server to help you configure the firewall. You can use Nginx to restrict IP access or protect against DDoS attacks.

Sample code:

location / {
#Restrict access to all IPs
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}

location /login {
#Only allow access from specific IP
allow 192.168.1.100;
allow 192.168.1.101;
deny all;
}

The above code restrictions Block all IPs from accessing the main site, but allow users with IPs 192.168.1.100 and 192.168.1.101 to access the /login page. You can modify it as needed.

3. Configure Nginx’s cache

Nginx’s cache function can relieve server pressure and reduce server response time. You can cache some static resources (such as images, CSS, JavaScript, etc.) on the Nginx server, which avoids the need to obtain them from your server every time a user requests a resource.

Sample code:

location /images/ {
#Define the cache time to 7 days
expires 7d;
#Define the cache switch
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}

The above code caches the resources in the /images/ directory to the Nginx server, and sets the cache time to 7 days.

4. Use Nginx to limit the access rate

Nginx can be used to limit the access rate to reduce the impact of malicious attacks or crawler behaviors on the server. You can configure access frequency limits in Nginx's configuration file.

Sample code:

Limit a single IP to only access 5 times per second

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=5r/s;

location / {

# 应用限制设置
limit_req zone=one burst=10;

}

The above code limits a single IP to 5 accesses per second. If this limit is exceeded, Nginx will block IP access, which can effectively reduce the impact of malicious attacks.

5. Use Nginx security module

Nginx can also use security modules such as ModSecurity to enhance the security of the server. These security modules can detect potential malicious attacks and vulnerabilities, as well as protect against types of attacks such as SQL injection.

When using these security modules, you need to select the module according to the actual situation and set the correct parameters.

6. Update Nginx

Last but not least, you should update Nginx regularly. As security vulnerabilities continue to emerge, new versions of Nginx often include updates that fix them. Keeping Nginx updated can enhance the security of your server.

Summary

You can improve the security of your server by using Nginx to perform security scans and perform other common measures. While it's impossible to completely eliminate security issues and cyberattacks, these steps can greatly reduce the risk and provide your server with an extra layer of security.

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