Load balancing and security optimization of Nginx reverse proxy

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server widely used in Internet applications, data transmission and security. Load balancing technology using Nginx reverse proxy can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of applications. This article will introduce the load balancing and security optimization methods of Nginx reverse proxy.

1. Nginx reverse proxy load balancing

1.1 The concept of load balancing

Load balancing is the process of allocating different loads to multiple service resources. This can be by distributing the load across multiple servers, multiple network links, or multiple network paths. In web server applications, it can distribute HTTP requests to multiple servers, thus increasing the performance and availability of the web server.

1.2 Load balancing advantages of Nginx reverse proxy

The load balancing of Nginx reverse proxy has the following advantages:

(1) Efficient: Nginx is based on epoll and kqueue , POSIX AIO and other event-driven asynchronous non-blocking IO models can maximize utilization and processing capabilities and support high concurrent requests.

(2) Cost savings: Using Nginx reverse proxy load balancing, you can use a load balancer to balance traffic to multiple web servers, effectively reducing the pressure on a single server and improving server load capacity and overall performance. . While ensuring system performance and availability, it saves server costs.

(3) Simple and easy: The load balancing of Nginx reverse proxy is very simple to use. You only need to modify the Nginx configuration file to achieve various configuration tasks, which is more convenient and easy.

1.3 Implementation method of Nginx reverse proxy load balancing

(1) Round Robin

The round robin method is also called "average distribution". The implementation principle is to distribute requests evenly to each server. Application scenario: If each server has the same configuration and features, the polling method can be used.

(2) Weighted Round Robin

Allocate requests according to the weight of each server. Application scenario: If the server configurations and performances are different, the weighted polling method can be used.

(3) IP Hash algorithm

Performs a hash operation based on the client's IP address, and then obtains the corresponding server based on the hash value, so that a client's access always goes to the same server, ensuring that the Session effectiveness. Application scenarios: Applications due to the existence of Session, such as e-commerce, online banking, etc.

2. Nginx reverse proxy security optimization

2.1 HTTPS encrypted transmission

HTTP transmission has the risk of clear text transmission. The advantages of using HTTPS encrypted transmission of the HTTPS protocol are:

(1) Encryption: Use key exchange protocol to ensure encrypted transmission of data.

(2) Authentication: Supports two-way authentication to verify user identity.

(3) Security: Prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and eavesdropping, and ensure the credibility and integrity of data transmission.

2.2 Limit access traffic and access frequency

Access traffic based on frequency and restriction can help defend against DoS and DDoS attacks. Access traffic and access frequency can be limited through Nginx's limit_conn and limit_req restriction parameters. While limiting traffic and frequency, it can also eliminate the burden and impact of spiders and crawlers on the server.

2.3 Prevent Brute-Force (brute force attack)

When installing and configuring the web server, you must be aware of the risk of Brute-Force (brute force attack). This attack method targets the login port of the server, using usernames and passwords to try different combinations until the correct password is found. Brute-Force attacks can be prevented by limiting the frequency of requests and the number of failed logins on the Nginx server.

2.4 Prevent SQL injection attacks

SQL injection attacks will use Web programs to attack the query logic vulnerabilities of the database, and then perform destructive operations. SQL injection attacks can be avoided by performing parameter filtering and form validation during the development process of Web programs, and encrypting data transmission.

Conclusion

This article introduces the load balancing and security optimization methods of Nginx reverse proxy. The load balancing of Nginx reverse proxy can effectively improve the efficiency and performance of the web server, while security optimization can help prevent attacks and ensure the security and reliability of data transmission and processing. Therefore, iteration and security upgrade of web servers are also one of the things that enterprises and development teams must pay attention to.

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