Access control configuration based on user IP in Nginx reverse proxy

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server with many features and advantages, supporting multiple protocols, load balancing, dynamic module loading, and more. Nginx is undoubtedly a good choice for caching static resources and accelerating web access. At the same time, Nginx also has strong security, including user IP-based access control configuration in the reverse proxy.

Nginx reverse proxy is usually used to distribute the client's HTTP or HTTPS requests to multiple backend servers and return the response results to the client. Based on this, by configuring reverse proxy access control on Nginx, you can effectively restrict access to a certain IP address or a range of IP addresses.

Suppose we want to prohibit a certain IP or a range of IP addresses from accessing the Nginx reverse proxy server. How to configure it? The following is a simple example:

location / {
    # allow/disallow IP or IP range
    deny 192.168.1.1;
    allow 192.168.1.0/24;
    allow 10.0.0.0/8;
    deny all;
}

In the above configuration, we use Nginx's location directive, which means that this configuration is executed for all requested URIs. We use the deny and allow directives to control IP address access.

In this example, we have blocked access for clients with IP address 192.168.1.1 and allowed access for clients with IP addresses 192.168.1.0/24 and 10.0.0.0/8. Finally, we use the deny all directive to deny access to all IP addresses except those allowed above.

It should be noted that the order in which IP addresses and permissions are defined is important. Because Nginx determines whether access to an IP address is allowed in sequence. If an IP address is denied access by deny, it cannot be accessed again regardless of whether there is allow permission later.

In addition to simple IP address access control, Nginx also supports more complex access control methods, such as HTTP-based authentication (i.e. username and password), SSL/TLS-based client certificate authentication, etc. These features provide more fine-grained control over different users' access to different resources.

Through the above configuration, we can see that Nginx's reverse proxy has strong flexibility in terms of security, especially access control based on user IP address, which can help protect the server from unauthorized access. and attack. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the access control configuration when using the Nginx reverse proxy server to ensure the security and reliability of the server.

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