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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL死锁问题分析及解决方法

MySQL死锁问题是很多程序员在项目开发中常遇到的问题,现就MySQL死锁及解决方法详解如下:

 

1、MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制

MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)

BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁

InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁

 

2、各种锁特点

表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低

行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高

页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般

 

3、各种锁的适用场景

表级锁更适合于以查询为主,只有少量按索引条件更新数据的应用,如Web应用

行级锁则更适合于有大量按索引条件并发更新数据,同时又有并发查询的应用,如一些在线事务处理系统

 

4、死锁

是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。

表级锁不会产生死锁.所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB.

 

5、死锁举例分析

在MySQL中,行级锁并不是直接锁记录,而是锁索引。索引分为主键索引和非主键索引两种,如果一条sql语句操作了主键索引,MySQL就会锁定这条主键索引;如果一条语句操作了非主键索引,MySQL会先锁定该非主键索引,再锁定相关的主键索引。

在UPDATE、DELETE操作时,MySQL不仅锁定WHERE条件扫描过的所有索引记录,而且会锁定相邻的键值,即所谓的next-key locking。

例如,一个表db.tab_test,结构如下:

id:主键;
state:状态;
time:时间;
索引:idx_1 (state, time)

出现死锁日志如下:

<code class="language-sql">***(1) TRANSACTION: 
TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320 
MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update
update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time </code>

 

原因分析:

当“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time

假设“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)”几乎同时执行时,本语句首先锁定主键索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以还需要锁定idx_1的某些索引记录。

这样第一条语句锁定了idx_1的记录,等待主键索引,而第二条语句则锁定了主键索引记录,而等待idx_1的记录,这样死锁就产生了。

 

6、解决办法

拆分第一条sql,先查出符合条件的主键值,再按照主键更新记录:

<code class="language-sql">select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time </code>

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