Nginx secure directory protection practice

Nginx is a powerful web server and reverse proxy server, widely used in various fields of the Internet. However, while using Nginx as a web server, we also need to pay attention to its security issues. This article will introduce in detail how to protect our website directories and files through Nginx's secure directory protection function to prevent illegal access and malicious attacks.

1. Understand the principle of Nginx secure directory protection

Nginx’s secure directory protection function restricts access to website directories and files by specifying an access control list (Access Control List, ACL) . In the Nginx configuration file, we can use the location directive to define a virtual directory and perform ACL access control on this virtual directory. By correctly configuring Nginx's ACL access control rules, we can limit access to specified directories and files to protect the security of the website.

2. Configure Nginx secure directory protection

Before starting to configure Nginx secure directory protection, you need to ensure that the Nginx server has been installed and the directories and files that need to be protected have been created. The following are some specific configuration steps:

2.1 Define the security directory

In the Nginx configuration file, we can use the location directive to define a virtual directory. Here is an example:

location /protected {

# 这里写ACL访问控制规则

}

In this example, "/protected" is the name of the virtual directory, and we can customize the name. By defining a virtual directory, we can restrict access to specified directories and files to protect the security of the website.

2.2 Configure ACL access control rules

After defining the virtual directory, we need to define ACL access control rules for this virtual directory to control access permissions to directories and files. The following are some common ACL access control rules:

allow: Indicates that access to a certain IP address or IP address range is allowed.

deny: Indicates denying access to a certain IP address or IP address range.

auth_basic: Indicates that basic authentication is enabled, requiring visitors to enter a username and password to access.

Example:

location /protected {

allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
auth_basic "Please enter your username and password";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;

}

In this example, we define a virtual directory named "/protected" , allow access to the IP address segment 192.168.1.0/24, and deny access to all other IP addresses. We also enabled basic authentication, which requires visitors to enter a username and password to access the directory. Usernames and passwords are stored in the /etc/nginx/.htpasswd file.

3. Test the secure directory protection

After completing the configuration of Nginx’s secure directory protection, we need to test whether it takes effect. You can try to access the protected directory or file to see if it can be accessed normally. Secure directory protection is in effect if unauthorized access is denied or requires a username and password.

4. Notes

When using Nginx’s secure directory protection function, you need to pay attention to the following issues:

4.1 Depend on security programs

Nginx The Secure Directory protection feature relies on security programs. Before configuring secure directory protection, you need to ensure that relevant security programs have been installed, such as Apache's htpasswd program or Nginx's ngx_http_auth_basic_module module.

4.2 Authentication information security

When enabling basic authentication, you need to pay attention to protecting the user’s authentication information (user name and password). Websites that use basic authentication need to use encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS to protect the security of data transmission.

4.3 Avoid Misoperation

When configuring ACL access control rules, you need to pay attention to avoid all access being denied or allowed due to misoperation. It is best to conduct a test before configuration to ensure that the set ACL access control rules meet the requirements.

Summary:

This article introduces the security directory protection function of Nginx to improve the security of the website. By correctly configuring Nginx's ACL access control rules, you can restrict access to specified directories and files to prevent illegal access and malicious attacks. At the same time, attention needs to be paid to protecting users’ authentication information and avoiding misoperations to ensure the safe operation of the website.

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