Operation and maintenance security practices of Nginx web server

With the development of the Internet, Web servers have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. As a high-performance, stable and reliable web server software, Nginx is widely used in various industries. In the process of operating and maintaining the Nginx server, security practices are particularly important. Let's talk about how to implement the safe operation and maintenance of the Nginx web server.

1. Common Nginx security risks

When operating and maintaining the Nginx server, we need to pay attention to the following security risks:

1. File permissions: Nginx server process running Users are usually non-root users, so you need to pay attention to the permissions of configuration files and other key files to prevent hackers from obtaining the highest permissions of the server through privilege escalation attacks.

2. Access control: In a production environment, the Nginx server must carry out access control to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive information or attacking the server through various methods.

3. Transmission encryption: In the Internet, secure transmission of data is crucial, so the traffic accessing the server must be encrypted to prevent hackers from obtaining sensitive data through network sniffing attacks.

4. Forgery attacks: Nginx is a very popular web server, so it is often targeted by attackers, including forging malicious code hidden in the Nginx server, distributing viruses to clients and other attacks.

2. Nginx security practice

1. Setting file permissions

When setting file permissions, ensure that the Nginx process can only access necessary files to prevent being Attacker abuses privileges.

2. Nginx access control

Access control is an important means to protect server security. In Nginx, there are three main ways of access control:

(1) Access control based on IP address: You can restrict hosts accessing the server based on IP addresses to prevent illegal access.

(2) Access control based on HTTP Basic Auth authentication: Use HTTP Basic Auth authentication to restrict users who access the server to prevent unauthorized access.

(3) Access control based on SSL certificate: By using SSL certificate to restrict clients accessing the server, ensure the safe transmission of data.

3. Traffic encryption

Traffic encryption is mainly implemented through the TLS/SSL protocol. TLS/SSL certificates can be configured by adding the ssl_certificate and ssl_certificate_key parameters in the Nginx configuration file.

Using wildcard certificates can reduce management costs and effectively prevent security risks such as SSL certificate hijacking attacks.

4. Prevent forgery attacks

To prevent forgery attacks, you can achieve it through the following methods:

(1) Nginx code audit: You can audit Nginx code in a timely manner Discover potential security issues.

(2) Nginx version upgrade: Upgrade the Nginx version in time to obtain the security fix patches of the new version to prevent known security vulnerability attacks.

(3) Nginx security module: You can further strengthen the security of Nginx by installing the Nginx security module. For example, ModSecurity can provide web application defense capabilities in Nginx.

3. Conclusion

The operation and maintenance security practice of Nginx server needs to comprehensively consider multiple aspects such as file permissions, access control, traffic encryption and forgery attacks, and continuously optimize and improve the security of Nginx server. . It should be noted that this is only part of the security practice. We should always pay attention to security issues during the operation and maintenance process and protect our servers.

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