Implementing efficient blockchain storage and retrieval technology based on Go language

With the continuous development and application of blockchain technology, the demand for storage and retrieval technology is also getting higher and higher. As a programming language with high efficiency and good scalability, Go language is increasingly used to implement blockchain-related technologies. This article will introduce the implementation methods and advantages of efficient blockchain storage and retrieval technology based on Go language.

1. Introduction to blockchain data structure

Before introducing blockchain storage and retrieval technology, let’s briefly introduce the data structure of blockchain.

Blockchain is a chain data structure composed of multiple blocks. Each block contains the hash value, transaction information and other data of the previous block, as well as the hash of the block. values, forming a chain structure. This data structure not only ensures that the data cannot be tampered with, but also facilitates data management and retrieval.

2. Blockchain storage based on Go language

1. Storage method

For blockchain storage, you can choose to use a relational database or non-relational database. For efficiency and scalability considerations, we choose to use non-relational databases, such as MongoDB. In addition, the amount of blockchain data is large, so the data also needs to be compressed.

2. Implementation method

During the implementation process, we can first define a Block structure, which contains the hash value of the previous block, transaction information and other data. At the same time, a Blockchain structure needs to be defined, including the hash values ​​of all blocks and operation functions, such as adding blocks, getting the latest blocks, etc. Next, we use MongoDB to store each block, and use Gzip to compress the block data to reduce data storage pressure.

Code example:

type Block struct {

//前一个块的哈希值
PrevHash []byte
//交易信息等数据
Data []byte
//该块的哈希值
Hash []byte

}

type Blockchain struct {

//所有块的哈希值
Blocks []*Block

}

//Add block
func (blockchain *Blockchain) AddBlock(data string) {

prevBlock := blockchain.Blocks[len(blockchain.Blocks)-1]
newBlock := NewBlock(data, prevBlock.Hash)
blockchain.Blocks = append(blockchain.Blocks, newBlock)

}

//Get the latest block
func (blockchain Blockchain) LatestBlock() Block {

return blockchain.Blocks[len(blockchain.Blocks)-1]

}

func NewBlock(data string, prevHash []byte) *Block {

block := &Block{prevHash, []byte(data), []byte{}}
//计算该块的哈希值
hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(data + string(prevHash)))
block.Hash = hash[:]
return block

}

3. Blockchain retrieval technology

Retrieval technology for blockchain mainly includes retrieval of blocks, transactions and other information. In the Go language, it can be implemented in two ways: using traversal query and using index query.

1. Traversal query

Using the traversal query method requires traversing the entire blockchain structure to find the required blocks or transactions and other information. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to implement, but its efficiency is slow and it is suitable for scenarios with small data volume.

2. Index query

Index query uses the characteristics of database index to quickly locate the block or transaction information that needs to be found. In the Go language, you can use MongoDB's index function to implement blockchain retrieval. The advantage of this method is that it is highly efficient and suitable for retrieval of large blockchains.

Code example:

//Define index
indexConfigs:= []mongo.IndexModel{

{Keys: bson.M{"hash": 1}},            //按照哈希值进行索引
{Keys: bson.M{"data.sender": 1}},     //按照发送方的地址进行索引
{Keys: bson.M{"data.receiver": 1}},   //按照接收方的地址进行索引
{Keys: bson.M{"data.amount": -1}},    //按照交易金额从大到小进行索引

}
//Create index
_ , err := collection.Indexes().CreateMany(context.Background(), indexConfigs)

//Query blocks according to hash value
filter := bson.D{{"hash", [ ]byte("xxx")}}
var result Block
err := collection.FindOne(context.Background(), filter).Decode(&result)

//According to the sender or The receiver queries transaction information
filter := bson.D{{"$or", bson.A{

bson.D{{"data.sender", "xxx"}},
bson.D{{"data.receiver", "xxx"}},

}}}
options := options.Find()
options .SetSort(bson.D{{"data.amount", -1}})
options.SetLimit(10)
cursor, err := collection.Find(context.Background(), filter, options)
for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {

var result Transaction
err := cursor.Decode(&result)

}

4. Summary

This article introduces the implementation of efficient blockchain based on Go language Implementation methods and advantages of storage and retrieval technology. Using non-relational databases such as MongoDB, combined with compression algorithms such as Gzip, to store and compress large data, and using index query methods for fast retrieval, can improve the efficiency and scalability of storage and retrieval.

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