Data persistence and CRUD operations in Go language

With the development of the Internet, the storage and use of data have become more and more important, especially for some data-intensive applications. As an emerging programming language, Go language has gradually emerged in the evolving data warehouse and big data scenarios with its fast, safe, concurrency and efficient features. This article will introduce how to implement data persistence and CRUD operations in Go language.

Step One: Choose a Suitable Database

Go language provides many database drivers, including PostgreSQL, SQLite, MySQL, MariaDB and MongoDB, etc. Before starting to write a program, you first need to choose a database suitable for your application and continue to learn the relevant drivers. Among them, some of the most commonly used are:

• SQL databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and MariaDB.
• NoSQL database: MongoDB, etc.

Here we will not discuss the differences between various databases in detail. Simply put, when establishing complex relationships with relational data, SQL databases are usually more practical; while when managing semi-structured data, NoSQL databases may be more suitable when efficient processing of multidimensional data queries is required.

Step 2: Write a database driver

The Go language provides many built-in database drivers, such as database/sql, which provides a unified SQL interface for all Go programmers. Of course, the interfaces implemented by different database drivers are also different.

Here, we take the MySQL database as an example to explain how to establish a database connection in the Go language. Since the database/sql driver of the Go language provides a unified sql interface for various relational databases, programmers only need to change the relevant parameters to use different types of relational databases in applications. The following is an example of creating a MySQL driver:

    import (
        "database/sql"
        _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    )

    func getDatabaseConnection() (*sql.DB, error) {
        db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test")
        return db, err
    }

In the above code, you can see that the MySQL driver is introduced using import. Next, we use the sql.Open() method to establish a database connection and pass in some parameters of the connection, such as account number, password, host address and port number, etc. Here we are using the root account with no password, the host address is 127.0.0.1, the port number is 3306, and the database name is test.

After the process is completed, you need to call the db.Ping() method to test whether you have successfully connected to the database and return a connection object of type *sql.DB.

Step 3: Perform CRUD operations

Now that we have established a database connection, we can perform CRUD operations. CRUD operations represent add (Create), read (Read), update (Update) and delete (Delete) respectively. These operations usually involve reading, querying, modifying, and deleting data from tables in the database.

The following is a simple CRUD example, which can add a record to the database with three fields: "id, name, age":

    func createUser(newUser User) error {
        db, err := getDatabaseConnection()
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        defer db.Close()

        _, err = db.Exec("INSERT INTO users(name, age) VALUES(?, ?)", newUser.Name, newUser.Age)
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        return nil
    }

In the above code, ## is used #db.Exec()method writes data into the database. Among them, ? is a dynamic binding parameter. In this way, the precompiled SQL query statement will automatically fill in the corresponding parameters, thus ensuring the security of the program.

You can also use the db.Query() method to perform query operations from the database:

    func getUserByID(id int64) (*User, error) {
        db, err := getDatabaseConnection()
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        defer db.Close()

        row := db.QueryRow("SELECT id, name, age FROM users WHERE id = ?", id)

        user := new(User)
        err = row.Scan(&user.ID, &user.Name, &user.Age)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        return user, nil
    }

In the above example, use the db.QueryRow() method to execute the query and record the query results to

row object. Use the row.Scan() method to fill the value of a specific column in the query result into the User structure (assuming that the User structure has the field ID , Name and Age).

Summary

Whether you are building web applications, processing large data sets, or building distributed systems, the Go language is a solid choice. In this article, we have shown you how to build data persistence and CRUD operations using Go language and different types of databases. Whether you need to build database applications, perform data analysis, or design high-performance, large-scale applications, Go is an unbeatable choice.

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