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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialJavaScript html5 canvas绘制时钟效果

对于H5来说,canvas可以说是它最有特色的一个地方了,有了它之后我们可以随意的在网页上画各种各样的图形,做一些小游戏啊什么的。canvas这个标签的用法,在网上也有特别多的教程了,这里就不作介绍了。今天我们就用canvas来做一个小小的时钟。完整的代码在这里https://github.com/wwervin72/HTML5-Clock。

那么首先在这个页面里面我使用了两个canvas,一个用来绘制静态的时钟表盘和刻度,另一个用来绘制时钟的三个指针,然后用定位让他们重合到一起。然后这里没什么好说的,下面附上代码。

<code class="language-html"><canvas id="plate">
 画表盘
</canvas>
<canvas id="needles">
 画时针
</canvas></code>
<code class="language-javascript">var plate=document.getElementById('plate');
var needles=document.getElementById('needles');
needles.setAttribute('style','position:absolute;top:8px;left:8px;'); //这里因为chrome里面,body的magin值为8px,所以我这里就没设为0了。
var cntP=plate.getContext('2d');
var cntH=needles.getContext('2d');
plate.width=800;
plate.height=500;
needles.width=800;
needles.height=500;</code>

到了这里准备工作就做完了,下面就准备绘制时钟了。我先定义了一个绘制时钟表盘的构造函数。

<code class="language-javascript">function drawclock(cnt,radius,platelen,linewidth,numLen,NUMLEN){
 this.cnt=cnt;
 this.radius=radius;
 this.platelen=platelen;
 this.linewidth=linewidth;
 this.numLen=numLen;
 this.NUMLEN=NUMLEN;
 this.getCalibCoor=function(i){ 
 //获得表盘刻度两端的坐标
 var X=200+this.radius*Math.sin(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 var Y=200-this.radius*Math.cos(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 var x=200+(this.radius-this.platelen)*Math.sin(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 var y=200-(this.radius-this.platelen)*Math.cos(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 
 // 获得分钟数字的坐标
 var numx=200+(this.radius-this.platelen-this.numLen)*Math.sin(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 var numy=200-(this.radius-this.platelen-this.numLen)*Math.cos(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 //获得小时数字的坐标
 var numX=200+(this.radius-this.platelen-this.NUMLEN)*Math.sin(6*i*Math.PI/180); 
 var numY=200-(this.radius-this.platelen-this.NUMLEN)*Math.cos(6*i*Math.PI/180);
 return {X:X,Y:Y,x:x,y:y,numx:numx,numy:numy,numX:numX,numY:numY};
 };
 this.drawCalibration=function(){ //画刻度
 for(var i=0,coorObj;i</code>

这里最重要的部分就应该是获得刻度和数字绘制的坐标了。我把绘制刻度的起始点放在了表盘的边缘上,然后从表盘的半径上减去刻度的长度,就可以得到刻度终点的位置,然后利用角度和三角函数得到两个点的坐标。最后就可以绘制出表盘的刻度了。下面绘制出表盘上的数字也是一样的方法。我这里吧表盘的中心放在了(200,200)这里位置。到了这里我们就已经绘制好了一个静态的时钟表盘。

下面我又定义了一个绘制时钟指针的构造函数。

<code class="language-javascript">function clockNeedle(cnt,R,lineWidth,strokeStyle,lineCap,obj){
  this.R=R;
  this.cnt=cnt;
  this.lineWidth=lineWidth;
  this.strokeStyle=strokeStyle;
  this.lineCap=lineCap;
  this.obj=obj;
  this.getNeedleCoor=function(i){
  var X=200+this.R*0.8*Math.sin(i); //起点的坐标
  var Y=200-this.R*0.8*Math.cos(i);
 
  var x=200-20*Math.sin(i); //终点的坐标
  var y=200+20*Math.cos(i);
  return {X:X,Y:Y,x:x,y:y};
  };
  this.drawNeedle=function(){
  var d=new Date().getTime();
  var angle;
  switch(this.obj){
   case 0:
   angle=(d/3600000%24+8)/12*360*Math.PI/180;
   break;
   case 1:
   angle=d/60000%60/60*360*Math.PI/180;
   break;
   case 2:
   angle=d/1000%60/60*360*Math.PI/180;
   break;
  }
  var coorobj=this.getNeedleCoor(angle);
  this.cnt.beginPath();
  this.cnt.moveTo(coorobj.x,coorobj.y);
  this.cnt.lineTo(coorobj.X,coorobj.Y);
  // this.cnt.closePath();
 
  this.cnt.lineWidth=this.lineWidth;
  this.cnt.strokeStyle=this.strokeStyle;
  this.cnt.lineCap=this.lineCap;
  this.cnt.stroke();
  }
 }
</code>

这里有两个地方需要说一下:1、在我们获得当前时间的的毫秒数,然后转换为小时的时候,对24取模计算出当天的小时数的时候,这里需要加上8。2、如果想要使用lineCap这个属性吗,那么上面在设置路径的时候,不要用closePath()。

到了这里我们还需要一个来绘制指针的方法,并且让指针看起来能够转动:

<code class="language-javascript">function draw(){
  cntH.clearRect(0,0,needles.width,needles.height);
  var mzneedle=new clockNeedle(cntH,200,1,'rgba(0,0,0,.5)','round',2);
  //最后一个参数0代表画时针,1画分针,2画秒针
  var fzneedle=new clockNeedle(cntH,80,3,'rgba(0,0,0,.4)','round',0);
  var szneedle=new clockNeedle(cntH,140,2,'rgba(0,0,0,.3)','round',1);
  mzneedle.drawNeedle();
  fzneedle.drawNeedle();
  szneedle.drawNeedle();
  cntH.arc(200,200,5,0,2*Math.PI);
  cntH.fillStyle='rgba(0,0,0,.5)';
  cntH.fill();
 }
 setInterval(draw,1);</code>

下面附上该时钟的图片:

JavaScript html5 canvas绘制时钟效果

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