How to use the python third-party library pygame

Function: pygame is generally used to make games

Note: 1. Before using the functions provided by pygame, you need to call the init method

2.You need to call the quit method before the game ends

Various functions in pygame:

1.pygame.init(): This function is initialized when using pygame. Only by referencing this function can you use the functions provided by pygame

2.pygame.Rect(): This function can set the position and size of a picture. This is a special function that can be used without referencing the init function.

3.pygame.display.set_mode (resolution=(0,0),flags=0,depth=0): This function can create the main window object of the game,

Parameter 1: Specify the width and height of the screen, the default is the same as the screen size

Parameter 2: Specify additional options for the screen, not passed by default

Parameter 3: The number of digits in the color, automatically matched by default

4.pygame.display.update(): Refresh the main window content

5.pygame.image.load(): Load the required image

6.Main window object.blit(image, position): Draw the image to the specified position

7.pygame.time.Clock(): Create a time object to control the frame rate

8. Time object.tick (number): Control the frame rate per second

9.pygame.event.get(): event listening, returns a list

10.pygame.sprite.Sprite: sprite, object used to store image data images and rect

11.pygame.sprite.Group(Elven 1, Elf 2): Create a sprite group object

12.Sprite group object.update(): Update the position of the sprite in the sprite group

13.Elf group object.draw(): Draw all the elves in the elf group to the main window

14.pygame.time.set_time(eventid,milliseconds): Set the program to be executed for each period of time What content, the first one needs to be specified based on the constant pygame.USEREVENT, the second parameter is the millisecond value

15.pygame.key.get_pressed(): key monitoring, will return tuples of all keys, passed Keyboard constant, determines whether a key in the tuple is triggered. If it is triggered, the corresponding value is 1

16.pygame.sprite.groupcollide(elf group 1, sprite group 2, bool, bool): detects two The collision of an elf group will return a dictionary. The first parameter is associated with the third parameter, and the second parameter is associated with the fourth parameter. When the bool type is true, the collision will be destroyed

17.pygame.sprite.spritecollide(elf, elf group, bool): detects the collision between the elf and the elf group, and returns a list of the elf group. When the bool type is true, the elf group will be destroyed

Summary of a plane war game:

import pygame
import time
from plane_Sprite import *
 
class PlaneGame(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print('初始化')
        # 1.创建游戏窗口
        self.screem = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEM_RECT.size)  # 这里需要拿到元组类型的数据，使用 .size 可以拿到数组中的数据
        # 2.创建游戏时钟
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        # 3.调用私有方法，精灵和精灵组的创建
        self.__create_sprite()
        # 4.创建敌机定时器
        pygame.time.set_timer(CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT, 1000)
        # 5.创建子弹定时器
        pygame.time.set_timer(HERO_FIRE_EVENT, 500)
    def __create_sprite(self):
        # 创建背景精灵类
        # bg1 = BackGround('./images/background.jpg')
        # bg2 = BackGround('./images/background.jpg')
        bg1 = BackGround()
        bg2 = BackGround(True)
        self.back_groud = pygame.sprite.Group(bg1, bg2)  # 创建背景精灵组
        self.enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()  # 创建敌机精灵组
        self.he1 = Hero()
        self.hero_group = pygame.sprite.Group(self.he1)  # 创建英雄精灵组
 
    def StartGame(self):
        print('开始游戏')
        while True:
            # 1.设置刷新的帧率
            self.clock.tick(SHUA)
            # 2.事件监听
            self.__event_handler()
            # 3.碰撞检测
            self.__check_cllide()
            # 4.更新/和绘制精灵组图片
            self.__update_sprite()
            # 5.更新显示
            pygame.display.update()
    # 定义私有方法
    def __event_handler(self):
        """监听事件处理"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                # 调用静态方法：使用类名
                PlaneGame.__game_over()
            # 判断定时器事件
            elif event.type == CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT:
                # 创建敌机对象
                enemy = Enemy()
                # 添加到精灵组中
                self.enemy_group.add(enemy)
            elif event.type == HERO_FIRE_EVENT:
                self.he1.fire()
        # 获取键盘信息
        key_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        # 判断对应的键盘
        if key_pressed[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.he1.speed = 3
        elif key_pressed[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.he1.speed = -3
        elif key_pressed[pygame.K_UP]:
            self.he1.speed = -2
        elif key_pressed[pygame.K_DOWN]:
            self.he1.speed = 2
        else:
            self.he1.speed = 0
    def __check_cllide(self):
        """碰撞检测"""
        # 子弹摧毁敌机
        pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.he1.bullets, self.enemy_group, True, True)
        # 敌机撞毁英雄
        enemy_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self.he1, self.enemy_group,True)
        if len(enemy_list) > 0:
            # 销毁英雄
            self.he1.kill()
            # 结束游戏
            PlaneGame.__game_over()
    def __update_sprite(self):
        """更新精灵组"""
        self.back_groud.update()  # 刷新图像数据
        self.back_groud.draw(self.screem)  # 绘画图像
        # 敌机精灵组更新
        self.enemy_group.update()
        self.enemy_group.draw(self.screem)
        # 英雄精灵组更新
        self.hero_group.update()
        self.hero_group.draw(self.screem)
        # 子弹精灵组更新
        self.he1.bullets.update()
        self.he1.bullets.draw(self.screem)
    @staticmethod # 静态方法
    def __game_over():
        """结束游戏"""
        print('游戏结束')
        pygame.quit()
        exit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    # 创建游戏对象
    plane_start = PlaneGame()
    # 启动游戏
    plane_start.StartGame()

The above is the code for the game to implement the function

import random
import pygame
 
# 定义常量，一般使用大写字母'
# 屏幕大小常量
SCREEM_RECT = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 591, 764)
# 刷新的帧率
SHUA = 60
# 设置敌机定时器事件常量
CREATE_ENEMY_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT
# 设置英雄子弹定时器事件常量
HERO_FIRE_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 1  # 因为 pygame.USEREVENT 被占用，所以需要加1进行区分
 
class GameSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    """飞机大战游戏精灵"""
    def __init__(self, image_name, speed = 1):
        # 需要调用超级初始化方法
        super().__init__()
        # 定义属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load(image_name)  # 加载图像
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()  # 获取到图像位置变更的信息
        self.speed = speed  # 设置变更的速度
 
    def update(self):
        # 在屏幕垂直向上移动
        self.rect.y += self.speed
 
# 创建一个子类，完成屏幕需求
class BackGround(GameSprite):
    """游戏背景精灵"""
    # is_alt 判断参数
    def __init__(self, is_alt= False):
        # 调用父类初始化方法设置参数
        super().__init__('./images/background.jpg')
        # 判断是否是叠加图像
        if is_alt:
            self.rect.y = -self.rect.height
    def update(self):
        # 调用父类的方法
        super().update()
        # 2.判断是否移出屏幕，移出屏幕，重新设置到屏幕上方
        if self.rect.y >= SCREEM_RECT.height:
            self.rect.y = -self.rect.height
 
# 创建敌机类
class Enemy(GameSprite):
    def __init__(self):
        # 1.调用父类方法，创建敌机精灵，同时指定敌机图片
        super().__init__('./images/enemy_2.jpg')
        # 2.指定敌机的初始随机速度
        self.speed = random.randint(1, 3)
        # 3.指定敌机的初始随机位置
        self.rect.bottom = 0
        max_x = SCREEM_RECT.width - self.rect.width  # 计算x的最大值
        self.rect.x = random.randint(0, max_x)
 
    def update(self):
        # 调用父类方法，保持垂直飞行
        super().update()
        # 判断是否非常屏幕，是，则删除精灵组
        if self.rect.y >= SCREEM_RECT.height + self.rect.height:
            # kill 方法可以将精灵从精灵组中移除，精灵就会被自动销毁
            self.kill()
    def __del__(self):
        # print('%s' % self.rect)
        pass
 
# 创建英雄类
class Hero(GameSprite):
    def __init__(self):
        # 1.调用父类中的初始方法，加载图片
        super().__init__('./images/planeNormal_2.jpg', 0)
        # 2.重新设置位置
        self.rect.centerx = SCREEM_RECT.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = SCREEM_RECT.bottom - 80
        # 创建子弹组
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
    def update(self):
        self.rect.x += self.speed
        # 控制屏幕不会出界
        if self.rect.x <= -30:
            self.rect.x = -30
        elif self.rect.right >= SCREEM_RECT.right + 30:
            self.rect.right = SCREEM_RECT.right + 30
    def fire(self):
        # 设置每次发射三枚子弹
        for i in (0, 1, 2):
            # 1.创建子弹精灵
            bullet = Bullet()
            # 2.设置精灵位置
            bullet.rect.bottom = self.rect.y - i * 24
            bullet.rect.centerx = self.rect.centerx
            # 3.将精灵添加到精灵组
            self.bullets.add(bullet)
# 创建子弹类
class Bullet(GameSprite):
    def __init__(self):
        # 调用父类方法
        super().__init__(&#39;./images/bullet2.jpg&#39;, -3)
    def update(self):
        super().update()
        if self.rect.bottom < 0:
            self.kill()

The above is the code for each sprite to implement. Change the code segment to plane_Sprite and use it as a module to implement the function. It is referenced in the code. The pictures used in the above code need to be found by yourself

[Code implementation effect]

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