Detailed explanation of buffered Channel in Go language

Detailed explanation of buffered Channel in Go language

In Go language, Channel is an important tool for realizing communication between coroutines. When using Channel, sometimes a certain amount of buffering is needed. For example, in a concurrent scenario, if a coroutine needs to send a message, but the receiver coroutine is busy processing other messages, then the sender needs to wait for the receiver to finish processing. The message can only be sent later, which will affect the performance of the entire program. In order to solve this problem, the Go language provides buffered Channel, which can efficiently transfer data between coroutines.

1. Buffered Channel

Channel in Go language can be understood as a channel through which data can be transferred and synchronized between two coroutines. When the Channel has a buffer, it can store a certain amount of data, so that the sender does not need to wait for the receiver to return immediately, and the sender will not be blocked, thereby speeding up the execution efficiency of the program.

The definition is as follows:

ch := make(chan int, 10)

The Channel created in this way can cache 10 integer data.

2. The difference between buffered Channel and unbuffered Channel

The following differences exist between buffered Channel and unbuffered Channel:

1. Non-blocking: When the sender sends data to a buffered Channel, if the Channel is not full, the data will be sent successfully and returned immediately; otherwise, it will block and wait for the Channel to have a free buffer. When the Channel with buffering in the receiving direction receives data, if there is data in the Channel, it will be received and returned immediately; otherwise, it will wait for the data to arrive.
2. Buffering: A buffered Channel can store a certain amount of data, while an unbuffered Channel will not store data in the Channel until both the sender and the receiver are ready. This will ensure the data is more secure. Synchronization reliability.
3. Limitations on data transmission: In a buffered Channel, if the Channel is full, the operation of sending data to it will be blocked until a receiver takes the data out of the Channel; in addition, if the Channel If it is empty, the operation of reading data from it will also be blocked until a sender puts data into the Channel.
4. Performance: The sending and receiving operations of a buffered Channel are faster than those of an unbuffered Channel, because there is no need to send data directly to another coroutine, but can be cached in the Channel first and wait for the other coroutine. Transmit when ready, so as to avoid blocking the coroutine and improve the performance of the program.

3. Use of buffered Channel

When sending and receiving operations on buffered Channel, you need to pay attention to the following issues:

1. When sending data to the Channel, the sender must ensure that the Channel is not full, otherwise it will be blocked and wait for the Channel to have free buffers.
2. Sending data to the Channel must be synchronous, that is, perform other operations after sending the data, otherwise data competition will occur.
3. When receiving data from the Channel in the receiving direction, it must ensure that there is data in the Channel, otherwise it will be blocked waiting for data to arrive.

The following is an example of using buffered Channel:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建缓冲大小为2的int类型Channel
    ch := make(chan int, 2)

    // 发送数据到Channel中
    ch <- 1
    ch <- 2

    // 从Channel中读取数据并打印
    fmt.Println(<-ch)
    fmt.Println(<-ch)
}

4. Summary

Buffered Channel is a very important feature in the Go language. Data can be efficiently transferred between coroutines and the execution efficiency of the program can be improved. When using a buffered Channel, you need to follow the principles of synchronous sending and synchronous receiving to avoid problems such as data competition. In this way, you can maximize the advantages of the buffered Channel and improve the reliability and performance of the program.

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