Key points of protocol learning and design in Go language

The Go language comes with a lightweight protocol programming model called "goroutine" (coroutine). A coroutine is a lightweight thread that is managed by the internal scheduler of the Go language and can execute multiple tasks concurrently within a single process. The main advantage of coroutines is that they have low overhead and low startup and switching costs. Multiple coroutines can share one thread, thereby reducing the burden on threads and improving CPU utilization.

This article will focus on this topic and introduce it in the following aspects: overview of coroutines, implementation methods of coroutines, advantages and application scenarios of coroutines.

1. Overview of Coroutine

Coroutine is a lightweight user thread. To be more precise, coroutine is a collaborative thread that uses yield Cooperate with the resume operation.

Compared with operating system threads, the advantages of coroutines are:

1. Coroutines have small overhead and low startup costs. Hundreds of thousands of coroutines can be run simultaneously on one machine. Procedure.
2. Switching between coroutines can be controlled by the user without context switching.
3. Coroutines do not need to be locked, because if you do not actively hand over control of the CPU, other coroutines cannot execute.

Go language coroutines are similar to coroutines in other languages ​​such as Python and Lua, and are scheduled by the Go language scheduler. Multiple coroutines can be executed concurrently in one thread. The goroutine of the Go language relies on the Go language runtime system. During the execution of the goroutine, the scheduler of the Go language can schedule between different goroutines, which makes the Go language efficient in concurrent processing capabilities.

2. Coroutine implementation method

1. Goroutine

The coroutine of Go language, also known as "goroutine", is controlled by the Go language runtime system ( Goroutine) management. Goroutine follows the CSP model, implements shared memory through communication, and communicates between coroutines.

2. Channel

The communication method of Go language is implemented through "channel", which is the core concurrent programming component of Go language. Communication between goroutines can be carried out through channels.

3. Advantages of coroutines

Coroutines have many advantages in concurrent programming, as follows:

1. More lightweight

Coroutines are more lightweight than threads, can execute multiple tasks concurrently within a single process, and have low startup and switching costs.

2. Easier to implement

Coroutines are based on shared memory, so thread-safe synchronization is not required. Threads require context switching and locking, which is very cumbersome.

3. Easier to control

Coroutines can achieve concurrency control at the code level, while threads need to be controlled with the help of the underlying operating system scheduler.

4. Easier to debug

Coroutines rely on the scheduler of the Go language for scheduling, so debugging is relatively easy.

4. Coroutine Application Scenarios

The application scenarios of coroutine are very wide, as follows:

1. Network Programming

Coroutine The lightweight and efficient process is very suitable for network programming scenarios and is used to handle a large number of concurrent requests, such as HTTP requests.

2. Concurrent processing

Coroutines are also very useful in scenarios where massive amounts of data need to be divided and processed concurrently. Coroutines can achieve good results in scenarios such as processing large-scale data sets, machine learning, and image processing.

3. Queue processing

The characteristics of coroutines make it very suitable for consumption scenarios that process queues and tasks, such as message queues and task queues.

5. Summary

This article introduces the overview, implementation methods, advantages and disadvantages, and application scenarios of coroutines. It can be seen that coroutines are a very important concurrent programming idea in the Go language. Compared with other concurrent programming methods, it provides a more efficient and streamlined solution and is widely used in various concurrency scenarios. Mastering the programming methods and design points of coroutines will help improve the readability, maintainability and scalability of the code, and is an essential skill for Go language programmers.

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