Where is the laravel .env file?

Laravel is a popular PHP framework that is widely used in web development. In the Laravel framework, the .env file is a very important file. It contains key information related to the application, such as database configuration, environment variables, etc. So, where is the .env file in Laravel?

The location of the .env file in Laravel

In a Laravel project, the .env file is usually located in the project root directory. This position is the default position of the framework and is also the most commonly used position. When we open a new Laravel project, we can see a file named .env.example, which contains all environment variables and default configuration. We need to make a copy of this file and name it .env to start using it.

When the framework starts, Laravel will automatically load the .env file and load the variables in it into the application's global environment variables. The variable values ​​in the .env file can be obtained by calling the env() function anywhere in the application.

In addition to the default location, the .env file can be placed in other locations. Laravel provides several ways to specify the location of the .env file:

1. Modify the $app->useEnvironmentPath() method of the bootstrap/app.php file:

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Load Environment Variables
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here we will load the environment variables for the application which
| are stored in the .env file. You should not change this value here
| instead create a .env file in the root directory of your project.
|
*/

// $app->useEnvironmentPath(__DIR__.'/../');

$app->useEnvironmentPath(__DIR__.'/../custom/path');

2. Add environment variable LARAVEL_ENV. We can tell the Laravel framework the location of the .env file by setting the LARAVEL_ENV environment variable. For example:

export LARAVEL_ENV=/path/to/env/file/

The advantage of this method is that we can set the LARAVEL_ENV environment variable anywhere without modifying any framework files.

3. Use the PHP built-in function putenv() to specify the location of the .env file

Before Laravel starts the application, we can use the PHP built-in function putenv() to set the environment variable. For example, we can use the following code in Laravel's startup script:

putenv('ENV_PATH=/path/to/env/file/');

In this way, Laravel will look for the .env file in the specified location.

Summary

In Laravel, the .env file is an important configuration file in the application, containing database connection information, API keys and other sensitive information. By default, .env files are located in the project root directory. If you need to place the .env file in another location, you can do so by modifying bootstrap/app.php, setting the LARAVEL_ENV environment variable, or using the putenv() function. Either way, the end goal is for Laravel to be able to find the .env file and use the variables within it to configure the application.

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