CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to control the style and layout of web pages. Creating CSS files can help us better manage the style of web pages and make them more beautiful and readable. Here are some usage steps and tips to help you create your own CSS files.
1. Understand the basic syntax of CSS
CSS files are composed of selectors and attributes. Selectors are used to select elements that need to be styled, while attributes define the style of elements. For example:
p {
color: red;
font-size: 16px;
}The selector here is p, which means that these styles will be applied to all paragraph elements. Within the curly braces, we define two properties: color and font-size. colorSpecifies the text color to be red, font-sizeSpecifies the font size to be 16 pixels.
2. Create a CSS file
First, we need to create a CSS file on the computer. You can follow these steps:
- Open your text editor (such as Notepad, Sublime, etc.).
- Select "File" > "New".
- Select "File" > "Save As".
- Add the ".css" suffix at the end of the file name, such as "style.css".
- Select the file encoding, usually UTF-8.
- save document.
3. Connect the CSS file to the HTML document
Once we have created the CSS file, we need to connect it to the HTML document. This can be done by following these steps:
- Add a
<link>element in thetag of the HTML document.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>- Specify the URL address of the CSS file in the
hrefattribute.
Now, we have connected the CSS file to the HTML document. Below we will demonstrate how to write styles in a CSS file.
4. Writing CSS styles
In CSS files, we can define multiple selectors and attributes to control the style of the web page. Here are some practical style rules:
- Style Reset
In different browsers, the default style of an element may be different. In order to make all elements have the same style, we often need to use style reset. The following are some basic style reset rules:
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-size: 100%;
vertical-align: baseline;
background: transparent;
}These rules set the margins, padding, borders, appearance and other properties of all elements to 0 or default values to ensure that the styles we define can Correct application.
- Text Style
The following are some basic text style rules:
body {
font-size: 16px;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.5;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-weight: bold;
}
p {
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
a {
color: blue;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}These rules control the basic style of text in a web page. We specify the font size, font, and line height of the body text. For the title, we set the bold style. For paragraphs, we set a bottom margin. The link's color is set to blue, and an underline will appear below the link when the mouse is hovered over it.
- Box model style
The following are some commonly used box model style rules:
.container {
width: 80%;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.box {
width: 50%;
margin: 20px auto;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}These rules are used to control the size, position, inner and outer margins and Border style. In this example, we create two elements that contain boxes. The .container element will occupy 80% of the width of the parent element and be centered horizontally aligned. The .box element is 50% width with some inner and outer margins and a gray border.
5. Saving and Testing
After completing the above steps, we can save the CSS file and test its style. Place the CSS file in the same directory as the HTML document and open the HTML file in a browser. If all styles are applied successfully, you can start optimizing the layout and appearance of your web page.
In short, creating CSS files is one of the necessary steps when designing a web page. Learning the CSS language allows us to better control the layout and appearance of web pages, and at the same time improves user experience.
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