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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP利用MySQL保存session的实现思路及示例代码_PHP

实现环境:

PHP 5.4.24
MySQL 5.6.19
OS X 10.9.4/Apache 2.2.26

一、代码

CREATE TABLE `session` (
`skey` char(32) CHARACTER SET ascii NOT NULL,
`data` text COLLATE utf8mb4_bin,
`expire` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`skey`),
KEY `index_session_expire` (`expire`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;

<&#63;php
/*
* 连接数据库所需的DNS、用户名、密码等,一般情况不会在代码中进行更改,
* 所以使用常量的形式,可以避免在函数中引用而需要global。
*/
define('SESSION_DNS', 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=db;charset=utf8mb4');
define('SESSION_USR', 'usr');
define('SESSION_PWD', 'pwd');
define('SESSION_MAXLIFETIME', get_cfg_var('session.gc_maxlifetime'));

//创建PDO连接
//持久化连接可以提供更好的效率
function getConnection() {
try {
$conn = new PDO(SESSION_DNS, SESSION_USR, SESSION_PWD, array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => TRUE,
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => FALSE
));
return $conn;
} catch (Exception $ex) {

}
}

//自定义的session的open函数
function sessionMysqlOpen($savePath, $sessionName) {
return TRUE;
}

//自定义的session的close函数
function sessionMysqlClose() {
return TRUE;
}
/*
* 由于一般不会把用户提交的数据直接保存到session,所以普通情况不存在注入问题。
* 且处理session数据的SQL语句也不会多次使用。因此预处理功能的效益无法体现。
* 所以,实际工程中可以不必教条的使用预处理功能。
*/
/*
* sessionMysqlRead()函数中,首先通过SELECT count(*)来判断sessionID是否存在。
* 由于MySQL数据库提供SELECT对PDOStatement::rowCount()的支持,
* 因此,实际的工程中可以直接使用rowCount()进行判断。
*/
//自定义的session的read函数
//SQL语句中增加了“expire > time()”判断,用以避免读取过期的session。
function sessionMysqlRead($sessionId) {
try {
$dbh = getConnection();
$time = time();

$sql = 'SELECT count(*) AS `count` FROM session '
. 'WHERE skey = &#63; and expire > &#63;';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $time));
$data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['count'];
if ($data = 0) {
return '';
}

$sql = 'SELECT `data` FROM `session` '
. 'WHERE `skey` = &#63; and `expire` > &#63;';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $time));
$data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['data'];
return $data;
} catch (Exception $e) {
return '';
}
}

//自定义的session的write函数
//expire字段存储的数据为当前时间+session生命期,当这个值小于time()时表明session失效。
function sessionMysqlWrite($sessionId, $data) {
try {
$dbh = getConnection();
$expire = time() + SESSION_MAXLIFETIME;

$sql = 'INSERT INTO `session` (`skey`, `data`, `expire`) '
. 'values (&#63;, &#63;, &#63;) '
. 'ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE data = &#63;, expire = &#63;';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $data, $expire, $data, $expire));
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
}

//自定义的session的destroy函数
function sessionMysqlDestroy($sessionId) {
try {
$dbh = getConnection();

$sql = 'DELETE FROM `session` where skey = &#63;';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array($sessionId));
return TRUE;
} catch (Exception $e) {
return FALSE;
}
}

//自定义的session的gc函数
function sessionMysqlGc($lifetime) {
try {
$dbh = getConnection();

$sql = 'DELETE FROM `session` WHERE expire < &#63;';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array(time()));
$dbh = NULL;
return TRUE;
} catch (Exception $e) {
return FALSE;
}
}

//自定义的session的session id设置函数
/*
* 由于在session_start()之前,SID和session_id()均无效,
* 故使用$_GET[session_name()]和$_COOKIE[session_name()]进行检测。
* 如果此两者均为空,则表明session尚未建立,需要为新session设置session id。
* 通过MySQL数据库获取uuid作为session id可以更好的避免session id碰撞。
*/
function sessionMysqlId() {
if (filter_input(INPUT_GET, session_name()) == '' and
filter_input(INPUT_COOKIE, session_name()) == '') {
try {
$dbh = getConnection();
$stmt = $dbh->query('SELECT uuid() AS uuid');
$data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['uuid'];
$data = str_replace('-', '', $data);
session_id($data);
return TRUE;
} catch (Exception $ex) {
return FALSE;
}

}
}

//session启动函数,包括了session_start()及其之前的所有步骤。
function startSession() {
session_set_save_handler(
'sessionMysqlOpen',
'sessionMysqlClose',
'sessionMysqlRead',
'sessionMysqlWrite',
'sessionMysqlDestroy',
'sessionMysqlGc');
register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');
sessionMysqlId();
session_start();
}

二、简介

使用MySQL保存session,需要保存三个关键性的数据:session id、session数据、session生命期。
考虑到session的使用方式,没必要使用InnoDB引擎,MyISAM引擎可以获得更好的性能。如果环境允许,可以尝试使用MEMORY引擎。
保存session数据的列,有需要的话,可以使用utf8或utf8mb4字符集;保存session id的列则没有必要,一般情况使用ascii字符集就可以了,可以节约存储成本。
保存session生命期的列,可以根据工程需要进行设计。比如datetime类型、timestamp类型、int类型。对于datetime、int类型可以保存session生成时间或过期时间。
如果有必要可以扩展session表的列并修改读、写函数以支持(维护)相关列来保存诸如用户名等信息。
当前版本,只要通过session_set_save_handler注册自定义的会话维护函数就可以,不需要在其之前使用session_module_name('user')函数。
当read函数获取数据并返回,PHP会自动对其进行反序列化,一般情况请不要对数据进行更改。
PHP传递给write函数的date参数是序列化之后的session数据,直接保存即可,一般情况请不要对数据进行更改。
按照本段代码的逻辑,PHP配置选项关于会话生命期的设置已经不再有效,这个值可以自行维护,不一定需要通过get_cfg_var获取。
sessionMysqlId()函数是为了避免大用户量、多台Web服务器情况下的碰撞,一般情况PHP自动生成的session id是可以满足用户要求的。
没了

三、需求

当用户量非常大,需要多台服务器提供应用的时候,使用MySQL存储会话相对使用会话文件具有一定的优越性。比如具有最小的存储开销,比如可以避免文件共享带来的复杂性,比如可以更好的避免发生碰撞,比如相比会话文件共享具有更好的性能。总体上来说,当访问量剧增的时候,如果使用数据库保存会话带来的问题是线性增长的,那么使用会话文件带来的问题几乎是爆炸性的。好吧,换一个更直白的说法吧:如果您的应用用户量不大,其实让PHP自己处理session就好了,没必要考虑MySQL。

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