Getting Started with PHP: Code Version Management

In software development, version management is an extremely important link. Because writing code in a team inevitably requires merging everyone's code. Version management tools can help us track code changes and avoid conflicts when merging. Among them, Git is currently the most popular version management tool, a must-have for both personal development and team collaboration.

This article will focus on Git to introduce you to the benefits of using version management tools, the basic concepts and basic operations of Git, and explain how to use Git to collaborate with the team for development.

Why we need version management

In software development, version management is a very important link. Developing a software requires constantly modifying the code and adding new functions. Version management tools can help developers:

• Record code changes
• Help developers work together
• Improve code stability and reliability

With version management tools, we can easily track code modifications and view each developer's contribution record, and at the same time, we will not cause the entire project to go wrong because of some small mistakes.

Basic concepts

When using Git, there are some basic concepts that you need to understand first:

Warehouse (Repository)

The warehouse is used to store code Place, similar to a folder. Each warehouse can contain one project or multiple projects. It stores all versions of the code, along with details about each version.

Commit (Commit)

Submission refers to saving changes to the code repository. When submitting, a description of the modifications needs to be recorded.

Branch

A branch can be imagined as a new version based on existing code. Branches can be used to develop new features and fix existing problems in the code. Modifications made to a branch will not affect other branches and code on the main line.

Merge

Merge refers to bringing together the modifications of two or more branches. This process can help us complete the collaborative development of different branches.

Remote Repository

Remote repository refers to the place where the code is hosted (for example: Github). It can be synchronized with local repositories to ensure the effectiveness of team collaboration and development.

Basic operations

Next, we will introduce some basic operations of Git:

Create a warehouse

Use Git to create a new code warehouse, you can Use the following command:

git init

This command will create a new Git code repository under the current path.

Add files

To add files to the git repository, you can use the following command:

git add filename

This command will add the modified files to the cache area, but will not Not committed to the repository.

Commit changes

After adding files to the Git warehouse cache, if we want to submit these files to the warehouse, we can use the following command:

git commit -m "commit message"

This command will The files in the cache area are submitted to the current branch, and the description information of this submission is recorded.

Create a branch

To create a branch and switch to a new branch, you can use the following command:

git checkout -b branchname

-b parameter is used to specify to create a new branch and switch to a new branch on the branch. If you do not add the -b parameter, you will just switch to the existing branch.

Merge branches

To merge a branch into the current branch, you can use the following command:

git merge branchname

This command will merge the changes of the specified branch into the current branch. on the branch. If there are code conflicts between branches, Git will prompt you to resolve the conflicts before merging.

Remote warehouse

To synchronize the local warehouse with the remote warehouse, you can use the following command:

git push

This command will push the local warehouse to the remote warehouse. If you want to download the code of the remote warehouse, you can use the following command:

git pull

This command will download the new changes from the remote warehouse and then automatically merge them with the local warehouse.

Team collaboration development

Git can help teams collaborate on development and avoid code conflicts. The following are some common operations for team collaboration development in Git:

• Everyone has their own branch to avoid modifying the code of the main branch.
• When developing new features, you can develop them on your own branch and then merge them into the main branch.
• If there are conflicts between branches, they need to be resolved before merging.
• When using Git for collaborative development, you need to follow the team's code specifications and reduce the number of submissions as much as possible.

Summary

Using Git for code management can facilitate us to track code modifications, work together, and improve the reliability of the code. In the team, using Git can help us better complete team collaboration and development. For PHP developers, Git is one of the essential skills.

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