How to do data science and machine learning in PHP?
随着机器学习和人工智能的蓬勃发展,它们正在成为不可避免的趋势。它们以相当快的速度改变着整个行业,并推动着许多领域的发展。
在数据领域,PHP常常被用作网站开发的首选语言。然而,PHP的数据科学和机器学习能力通常被低估,这相当于放弃了其中一个最强大的优点。
在本文中,我们将探讨如何使用PHP进行数据科学和机器学习。
PHP中的数据科学
要使用PHP进行数据挖掘和机器学习,我们需要使用第三方库。以下是一些最流行的:
- NumPHP:NumPHP是一个PHP库,它提供了许多数学工具,例如矩阵和线性代数。它还包括一些用于数据科学的实用工具。
- PHP-ML:PHP-ML是一个PHP机器学习库,它支持许多常见的机器学习算法,例如聚类,分类和回归。它还提供了几种用于特征提取和数据预处理的工具。
- FANN:FANN是一个快速人工神经网络库,它支持许多常见的神经网络算法,例如前向传播和回溯传播。它还具有用于模型训练和预测的工具。
- PHPSpreadsheet:PHPSpreadsheet是一个PHP库,它提供了用于电子表格分析和处理的工具。
以上是一些高质量的PHP库,它们提供了完成数据分析所需的一切工具。但是,如果您对这些库还不熟悉,建议您先了解它们的文档和示例。
使用PHP-ML进行机器学习
PHP-ML是一个成熟的PHP机器学习库,它支持常见的机器学习算法,例如决策树,支持向量机,朴素贝叶斯和神经网络。
以下是一个简单的PHP-ML分类示例,我们将使用朴素贝叶斯算法来区分垃圾邮件和非垃圾邮件:
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpmlClassificationNaiveBayes; use PhpmlDatasetCsvDataset; $dataset = new CsvDataset('spam.csv', 1, true); $classifier = new NaiveBayes(); $classifier->train($dataset->getSamples(), $dataset->getTargets()); $result = $classifier->predict(['Buy Viagra now for $19.99', 'Hello, are you available for a meeting next week?']); print_r($result);
在这个例子中,我们导入了PhpmlClassificationNaiveBayes和PhpmlDatasetCsvDataset。
然后,我们使用CsvDataset来加载我们的数据集,即spam.csv文件,该文件包含一列文本和一列标签。
接下来,我们创建一个NaiveBayes分类器并使用train()方法训练模型,其中getSamples()和getTargets()方法获取数据集的样本和目标。
最后,我们将要测试的文本传递给predict()方法,并打印结果。
这只是一个演示如何使用PHP-ML进行分类的简单示例。您可以使用其他算法和数据集执行其他操作,例如回归,聚类和异常检测。
使用FANN进行神经网络
FANN是一个快速人工神经网络库,它支持前向传播和回溯传播。PHP扩展已经包括了FANN。
以下是一个简单的基于FANN的PHP神经网络示例:
require 'fann.php'; $num_input = 2; $num_output = 1; $num_layers = 3; $num_neurons_hidden = 3; $desired_error = 0.0001; $max_epochs = 500000; $epochs_between_reports = 1000; $ann = fann_create_standard($num_layers, $num_input, $num_neurons_hidden, $num_output); if ($ann) { fann_set_activation_function_hidden($ann, FANN_SIGMOID_SYMMETRIC); fann_set_activation_function_output($ann, FANN_SIGMOID_SYMMETRIC); $filename = dirname(__FILE__) . "/xor.data"; if (fann_train_on_file($ann, $filename, $max_epochs, $epochs_between_reports, $desired_error)) { fann_save($ann, dirname(__FILE__) . "/xor_float.net"); } fann_destroy($ann); }
在此示例中,我们创建了一个具有2个输入,1个输出和3个隐藏层的神经网络。
然后我们使用fann_create_standard()方法创建了这个模型,并为隐藏和输出层各自设置了激活函数。
接下来,我们使用文件中的数据训练神经网络,并输出结果到文件中。
最后,我们销毁了模型。
使用FANN时,您可以在FANN的官方文档中查找其他可用方法和示例。
结论
PHP是一种常用的编程语言,广泛应用于网络开发。然而,它的数据科学和机器学习能力通常被低估。有很多优秀的PHP库和工具可供选择,包括NumPHP,PHP-ML,FANN和PHPSpreadsheet。
使用这些库,您可以在PHP中进行数据挖掘,机器学习和神经网络。此外,PHP的易用性和灵活性使其成为数据科学和机器学习的理想工具,并具有网站开发的各种好处。
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