How to use multifunctional git

Git is one of the most popular version control systems currently. It has a variety of functions that enable teams to collaborate more efficiently and can greatly improve development efficiency. This article will introduce how to use multi-functional Git to help you better manage your code.

1. Use Git to manage code

The most basic function of Git is code management. It can record the modification history of a file and easily switch between multiple versions in a code base.

To start using Git, you need to create a Git repository first. This can be done with the following command:

$ git init

After running this command in your project, Git will create a .git directory for version control. The .git directory holds all of Git's unique data. In this directory, you can use the following command:

$ git add .
$ git commit -m "initial commit"

The above command means to add all modifications in the specified directory to Git version control and submit this version. It should be noted that during this process, you need to write a description message to describe the modifications submitted to Git.

2. Git’s Branch and Merge functions

In addition to the code management function, another powerful function of Git is its branch and merge functions. This feature can help developers work more easily in their own code base and manage multiple development branches simultaneously.

The benefit of branching and merging is that it allows developers to develop without affecting the main branch. After developers complete their own branch, they can merge this branch with the main branch, and merge the code changes in the branch into the main branch.

To create a new branch and switch it to the new branch, you can use the following command:

$ git checkout -b my-branch

This command will create a new branch named my-branch and switch it to in new branch.

If you want to merge two branches, you can use the following command:

$ git merge my-branch

This command will merge all changes in my-branch into the current branch.

3. Resolve conflicts

When multiple people in your team modify the same file at the same time, conflicts may occur. In this case, Git has the ability to resolve these conflicts.

Git can resolve conflicts through the following command:

$ git merge --no-ff my-branch

This command means that when merging branches, Git will not automatically merge files, but will set aside time to resolve conflicts. After all conflicts have been resolved, Git will merge the files.

4. Better Commit Messages

Good commit description information can facilitate communication and code review between developers. It is best to use a lowercase description statement in the first line of the submission information provided by Git to explain the purpose and scope of the submission. You can provide background and reasoning information when writing your commit description.

Example of submission record information:

feat: 添加了用户管理系统
在用户管理中添加了透明的管理用户功能

BugFix: 修复了项目搜索中的错误
在搜索中修复了一个页面上的排序错误

docs: 更新了README
更新了README中的一些文字和说明

style: 代码格式化
使用了Prettier等工具格式化了代码

5. Using the Rebase function

The Rebase function can be used to reset the order of submissions on the branch. It makes merge operations easier for developers and provides a more readable code history.

To use Rebase, you can use the following command:

$ git rebase master

This command will rearrange the submission history of the current branch based on the master branch (master). It should be noted that when using Rebase, you need to consider possible problems, such as conflicts.

6. Use the Tag function to release a celebration version

When you complete a version, you can use Git's Tag function to record the execution status of this version and revisit it in the future. This process is similar to taking a snapshot in memory, which allows you to retain this state so that you can easily find it if you need it in the future.

To create a Tag, you can use the following command:

$ git tag -a v1.0.0 -m 'initial release'

This command means to create a Tag named v1.0.0 and attach a description about the Tag. Tag names can be customized.

When you want to access a Tag, you can use the following command:

$ git checkout v1.0.0

This command means to switch the branch to the v1.0.0 state so that you can access the Tag.

7. Use the Git protocol

The Git protocol allows you to upload and download code when the network environment is good. It allows you to share your code base locally, remotely, and across a variety of different servers.

In the process of using the Git protocol, you need to have a server running Git and open some network ports. When obtaining or uploading code, you can use the following command:

$ git clone git://hostname/path/to/repo.git

This command means to download the warehouse from the Git server to the local and set it as a development branch. Similarly, when uploading code, you can use the following command:

$ git push git://hostname/path/to/repo.git master

This command means to push the code in the local branch to the remote branch named master.

The above is an introduction to multi-functional Git. Each of its functions allows you to manage your code and team more efficiently. I hope this article will be helpful next time you need to upload your project and share it with others.

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