How does SpringBoot return Json data format

1. @RestController annotation

Use the @RestController annotation in the Controller in Spring Boot to return data in JSON format.

• @RestController annotation includes @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations.

• @ResponseBody Annotation is to convert the returned data structure into JSON format.

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public @interface RestController {
    String value() default "";
}

2. Jackson

The default JSON parsing technology framework used in Spring Boot is Jackson.

Click on the spring-boot-starter-web dependency in pom.xml, you can see the spring-boot-starter-json dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Click again on the spring- mentioned above boot-starter-json dependency, you can see the following code:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

So far, you can know that the default JSON parsing framework used in Spring Boot is Jackson.

1. Convert Object, List, Map to Json format

Create entity class:

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    /* 省略get、set和带参构造方法 */
}

Controller layer

import com.itcodai.course02.entity.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class JsonController {

    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public User getUser() {
        return new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        //返回 {"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"}
    }

    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public List<User> getUserList() {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        User user1 = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        User user2 = new User(2, "达人课", "123456");
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        return userList;
        //返回 [{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"},{"id":2,"username":"达人课","password":"123456"}]

    }

    @RequestMapping("/map")
    public Map<String, Object> getMap() {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        map.put("作者信息", user);
        map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
        map.put("CSDN地址", "http://blog.csdn.net/eson_15");
        map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
        return map;
        //返回 {"作者信息":{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"},"CSDN地址":"http://blog.csdn.net/eson_15","粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"}

    }
}

2. Jackson's configuration class

Convert all nulls to "" configuration when converting to JSON format

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;

@Configuration
public class JacksonConfig {
    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(ObjectMapper.class)
    public ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
        objectMapper.getSerializerProvider().setNullValueSerializer(new JsonSerializer<Object>() {
            @Override
            public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
                jsonGenerator.writeString("");
            }
        });
        return objectMapper;
    }
}

// 修改一下上面返回 Map 的接口，将几个值改成 null 测试一下：

@RequestMapping("/map")
public Map<String, Object> getMap() {
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
    User user = new User(1, "倪升武", null);
    map.put("作者信息", user);
    map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
    map.put("CSDN地址", null);
    map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
    return map;
	// 返回 {"作者信息":{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":""},"CSDN地址":"","粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"}
	// 可以看到 Jackson 已经将所有 null 字段转成空字符串了。
}

3. Fastjson

Fastjson It is open sourced by Alibaba.

What are the differences between Jackson and fastjson?

From the perspective of expansion, fastjson is not as flexible as Jackson. From the perspective of speed or difficulty of getting started, fastjson can be considered, and it is also more convenient.

Dependencies of fastjson

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.35</version>
</dependency>

Fastjson configuration class

When using fastjson, the handling of null is somewhat different from Jackson, and you need to inherit WebMvcConfigurationSupport class and then override the configureMessageConverters method.

In the method, we can choose the scenario to implement null conversion. The code is as follows:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
public class fastJsonConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        FastJsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
        FastJsonConfig config = new FastJsonConfig();
        config.setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        config.setSerializerFeatures(
                // 保留 Map 空的字段
                SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue,
                // 将 String 类型的 null 转成""
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullStringAsEmpty,
                // 将 Number 类型的 null 转成 0
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullNumberAsZero,
                // 将 List 类型的 null 转成 []
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullListAsEmpty,
                // 将 Boolean 类型的 null 转成 false
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullBooleanAsFalse,
                // 生成的JSON格式化
                SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat,
                // 避免循环引用
                SerializerFeature.DisableCircularReferenceDetect);

        converter.setFastJsonConfig(config);
        converter.setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        List<MediaType> mediaTypeList = new ArrayList<>();
        // 解决中文乱码问题，相当于在 Controller 上的 @RequestMapping 中加了个属性 produces = "application/json"
        mediaTypeList.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(mediaTypeList);
        converters.add(converter);
    }
}

4. Encapsulate the returned data format

In addition to encapsulating the data, We often need to add some other information to the returned JSON, such as returning status code Code and Msg to the caller. The caller can make some logical judgments based on Code or Msg.

The attributes in the unified JSON structure include data, status code, and prompt information.

public class JsonResult<T> {

    private T data;
    private String code;
    private String msg;

    /**
     * 若没有数据返回，默认状态码为 0，提示信息为“操作成功！”
     */
    public JsonResult() {
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = "操作成功！";
    }

    /**
     * 若没有数据返回，可以人为指定状态码和提示信息
     * @param code
     * @param msg
     */
    public JsonResult(String code, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    /**
     * 有数据返回时，状态码为 0，默认提示信息为“操作成功！”
     * @param data
     */
    public JsonResult(T data) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = "操作成功！";
    }

    /**
     * 有数据返回，状态码为 0，人为指定提示信息
     * @param data
     * @param msg
     */
    public JsonResult(T data, String msg) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = msg;
    }
    // 省略 get 和 set 方法
}

Modify the return value type in Controller and test

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jsonresult")
public class JsonResultController {

    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public JsonResult<User> getUser() {
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        return new JsonResult<>(user);
        // {"code":"0","data":{"id":1,"password":"123456","username":"倪升武"},"msg":"操作成功！"}

    }

    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public JsonResult<List> getUserList() {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        User user1 = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        User user2 = new User(2, "达人课", "123456");
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        return new JsonResult<>(userList, "获取用户列表成功");
        // {"code":"0","data":[{"id":1,"password":"123456","username":"倪升武"},{"id":2,"password":"123456","username":"达人课"}],"msg":"获取用户列表成功"}

    }

    @RequestMapping("/map")
    public JsonResult<Map> getMap() {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", null);
        map.put("作者信息", user);
        map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
        map.put("CSDN地址", null);
        map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
        return new JsonResult<>(map);
        // {"code":"0","data":{"作者信息":{"id":1,"password":"","username":"倪升武"},"CSDN地址":null,"粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"},"msg":"操作成功！"}

    }
}

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