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HomeOperation and MaintenanceLinux Operation and MaintenanceWhat is the method of linux file packaging and compression?

Packaging and Compression

Merge files or folders into a package, and then compress the data through a compression algorithm to reduce the size of the package and facilitate network transmission.

windows:
  zip
  rar

linux:
  zip
  tar
  gz
  bz2
  tar.gz
  tar.bz2

压缩算法:
  gzip
  bzip2

zip

is a commonly used packaging and compression tool in Windows and Linux. The supported compression algorithm is zip.

zip工具需要安装
  yum install zip

zip compress a file

# 格式
  zip [参数] 压缩包名称  文件路径

[root@abc ~]# zip 123.zip 123.log 
  adding: 123.log (deflated 87%)
[root@abc ~]# ls -l

zip compressed folder

# 需要一个-r参数去递归压缩文件夹下的所有内容
[root@abc ~]# zip -r dir.zip dir/
  adding: dir/ (stored 0%)
  adding: dir/one/ (stored 0%)
  adding: dir/123.log (deflated 87%)

silent output of zip

# -q:参数就是不输出任何打包信息
[root@abc opt]# zip -r -q etc.zip /etc/
[root@abc opt]# ls -l

zip decompression command (unzip)

# 格式
  unzip [参数] 压缩包路径

# unzip解压命令只能解压由zip打包的压缩文件
[root@abc ~]# unzip dir.zip 
Archive:  dir.zip
  inflating: dir/123.log             
[root@abc ~]# 

# 其他压缩包由unzip解压时随即报错。
[root@abc opt]# unzip nginx-.tar.gz
Archive:  nginx-.tar.gz
  End-of-central-directory signature not found.  Either this file is not
  a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive.  In the
  latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on
  the last disk(s) of this archive.
unzip:  cannot find zipfile directory in one of nginx-.tar.gz or
        nginx-.tar.gz.zip, and cannot find nginx-.tar.gz.ZIP, period.


# 查看压缩包中压缩那些内容,不解压?
# 只查看压缩包内容不解压需要使用 -l 参数
[root@abc opt]# unzip -l dir.zip 
Archive:  dir.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  03-11-2021 12:04   dir/
---------                     -------
        0                     1 file

# 解压到指定目录(-d)
[root@abc ~]# unzip -d /root/  etc.zip 
[root@abc opt]# cd /root/
[root@abc ~]# ls
]        anaconda-ks.cfg  dir.zip  index.html           test.pdf.gz  xxxeth0xxx           系统优化.md
123.log  demo.txt         etc      nginx-0.1.22.tar.gz  test.txt     上传与下载.md
123.zip  dir              eth0xxx  test                 xxxeth0      文件管理_(高级).pdf

# 静默输出(-q)
[root@abc ~]# rm -rf etc
[root@abc ~]# unzip -q -d /root/ /opt/etc.zip 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l

tar

tar compression supports multiple compression algorithms

tar.gz gzip (most commonly used)

tar.bz2 bzip2

gzip

Use the gzip compression algorithm to compress files to a certain volume, which is beneficial to transmission. Packaging is not supported

[root@abc ~]# ls -l
total 4828
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  244977 Mar 10 12:12 index.html
[root@abc ~]# gzip index.html 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
gzip compresses a directory
[root@abc etc]# gzip -r /etc
[root@abc etc]# ls

gzip decompression (-d)

[root@abc ~]# ls -l
-rw-r--r--   1 0 0   22652 Mar 10 12:12 index.html.gz
[root@abc ~]# gzip -d index.html.gz 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l

bzip2

Use the bzip2 compression algorithm to compress files of a certain volume.

[root@abc ~]# ls -l
total 4828
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  646165 Mar  9 10:31 123.log     
[root@abc ~]# bzip2 123.log 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
total 4240
-rw-r--r--   1 root root       0 Mar 10 12:04 ]

bzip2 decompression (-d)

bzip2 decompression is for decompressing bzip2 compressed compressed packages.

[root@abc ~]# ls -l
total 4240
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   42210 Mar  9 10:31 123.log.bz2
[root@abc ~]# bzip2 -d 123.log.bz2 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l

tar

tar is actually a packaging tool and does not have a compression function, but you can use parameters to call the compression tool for decompression.

tar参数
  -c : 创建压缩
  -f ; 指定压缩包名称
  -z : 使用gzip压缩工具进行压缩
  -j : 使用bzip2压缩工具进行压缩
  -J : 使用xz压缩工具进行压缩
  -t : 显示压缩包内容,不解压
  -v : 显示压缩过程
  -P : 允许使用绝对路径进行压缩
  -x : 解压
  -C : 指定解压路径
  -h : 打包软连接
  --exclude : 排除某些文件
  --exclude-from :
Parameters
  • -c: Create a compressed package

  • -f: Specify the compressed package name

[root@abc ~]# tar -c -f test.tar 123.log 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
  • -z: Specify the use of gzip compression tool for compression

[root@abc ~]# tar  -c -z -f test-one.tar 123.log 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l 
total 5084
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   85279 Mar 11 15:56 test-one.tar

# 注:使用-z参数,不会自动添加.gz后缀

[root@abc ~]# tar -c -z -f anaconda.tar.gz  anaconda-ks.cfg 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
  • -j: Specify Use the bzip2 compression tool for compression

[root@abc ~]# tar -c -j -f 123-bask-one.tar 123.log 
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
  • -J: Specify the use of the xz compression tool for compression

[root@abc test-tar]# tar -c -J  -f etc.tar.xz /etc/
[root@abc ~]# ls -l
  • -t: View the contents of the compressed package

[root@abc ~]# tar -t -f 123-bak.tar.bz2 
123.log
[root@abc ~]#
  • -v: Display the compression process of the compressed package

[root@abc ~]# tar -x -v -f etc.tar -C /opt/
  • -P: Allow the use of absolute paths for packaging

[root@abc ~]# tar -c -P -f 123-three.tar /etc/passwd
[root@abc ~]# tar -c -f 123-three.tar /etc/passwd
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@abc ~]#
  • -x: Unzip

# tar解压是按照原来的路径进行解压
[root@abc test]# tar -x -f etc.tar 

# tar会自动识别压缩功能
  • -C: Specify the decompression path

[root@abc ~]# tar -x -f etc.tar -C /opt/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@abc ~]# cd /opt/
[root@abc opt]# ls
abc23  dir  dir.zip  etc  nginx-0.1.22.tar.gz  nginx-.tar.gz  xxx
[root@abc opt]#
  • -exclude: Exclude certain files

[root@abc test-tar]# tar -c -f abc.tar ./* --exclude=abc7 --exclude=abc5   --exclude=abc1 
[root@abc test-tar]# tar -t -f abc.tar 
./abc2
./abc3
./abc4
./abc6
./abc8
./abc9
[root@abc test-tar]#
  • –exclude-from: exclude multiple files based on a certain file list

[root@abc test-tar]# cat list.txt 
abc995
abc996
abc997
abc998
abc999
[root@abc test-tar]# tar -c -f abc.tar ./* --exclude-from=list.txt
  • -h: package soft link

[root@abc test-tar]# tar -c -h -f bin-h.tar /bin

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