How to implement SpringBoot+TestNG unit testing

Background

Due to the tight schedule of development tasks and incomplete interface and basic data, even if a comprehensive interface test case is designed, it is impossible to fully and effectively conduct coverage testing; and because of the single interface test case design The direction is input parameters and output parameters. Starting from the input parameters are the required parameter verification, parameter type and parameter boundary value, and then the combination of input parameters. For example, an interface has 5 parameters, 3 are required, and 2 It is not required. The data types include string, int, etc., and there are also character length restrictions. So when designing such a single interface test case, there will be, um... too many to count. If the number of input parameters and As parameter types increase, the number becomes unspeakable. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the tester's mastery of interface test case design methods.

Interface test cases are designed for input parameters:

1. Numeric type parameters

Equivalence class division: within the value range, outside the value range, this How to understand?
If the interface document describes which values ​​or ranges this parameter should take, just choose within and outside the range specified here
Boundary value analysis: maximum and minimum are just right, maximum 1, minimum -1, this The boundary is found from the value range, where the maximum and minimum are the data type boundaries
Special value design: 0 or non-positive numbers, decimals may be designed
Traversal: no shortcuts, exhaust the value range, this will generally be waited for Valence categories and boundary values ​​are filtered out and do not need to be exhausted;

2. String type

String length
Equivalence class: inside and outside the value range
Boundary value: specified Range boundary; type boundary
Special value: This needs to be distinguished from the special characters of the string type, which refers to 0 or empty string, null
String content
Specific types: Chinese and English, upper and lower case , Simplified and Traditional Chinese
Special characters: emoji, punctuation symbols, other special characters of the input method

3. Rare array or linked list types: such as list type, which may be int[]. It's string[], and its design methods can't escape the above ones, so I won't go into details here.

Design for business logic, design for output parameters, etc. In particular, business logic generally adopts forward use case design, and a small amount of abnormal scenarios are designed through input parameters. The design of output parameters is almost always included in the input parameter design. can get the desired results.

Back to business!

1. Use eclipse locally as a java development tool and support python environment programming, so you don’t want to use Pycharm and IDEA at the same time;

<!-- 首先创建springboot框架的maven项目pom添加如下依赖，ide可以安装插件：spring assistant，一键创建springboot框架的maven项目 -->

<parent>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
   <version>2.4.0</version><!-- 2.3.0.RELEASE版本可选 -->
   <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<!-- springboot框架的主要依赖 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <version>2.4.0</version>
</dependency>

tips: @SpringBootApplication@RestController@RequestMapping, etc. Notes

2. Import the local development environment. Eclipse needs to install the lombok plug-in externally. Add parameters at the bottom of the eclipse configuration file eclipse.ini: -javaagent:lombok.jar, with a download address. In addition to installation, and whether the java team is in the pom Dependencies are configured in

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.12</version>
 <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

3. I am a tester. The jacoco plug-in has been installed in the original environment, so the plug-in has also been added to the maven project:

<!-- 顺带提一下的另一个做代码覆盖率检测的插件 -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
 <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>2.7</version>
</dependency>

<plugin>
      <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
      <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.3</version>
      <configuration>
     <!--指定生成 .exec 文件的存放位置 -->
     <destFile>target/coverage-reports/jacoco-unit.exec</destFile>
     <!--Jacoco 是根据 .exec 文件生成最终的报告，所以需指定 .exec 的存放路径 -->
            <dataFile>target/coverage-reports/jacoco-unit.exec</dataFile>
     </configuration>
     <executions>
         <execution>
  <id>jacoco-initialize</id>
           <goals>
               <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
            </goals>
         </execution>
         <execution>
  <id>jacoco-site</id>
           <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
             <goal>report</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- tips:jacoco在maven中执行的命令是：mvn clean jacoco:prepare-agent install jacoco:report -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true -->

4. When I used java to assist jmeter testing before, I was used to the testng unit testing framework, and I have not yet done unit testing on the springboot framework, so the following dependencies need to be added to the pom file. :

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
 <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.testng/testng -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
 <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
 <version>6.9.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 右键选择Coverage as 执行框架即可，运行完在指定目录或当前控制台查看覆盖率 -->

5. Development is accustomed to using junit4.x for unit testing, in which the spring-boot-starter-test plug-in is also used, but the inherited classes are different;

# junit4.x是如下使用：

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class BaseTest  {
}

# 而换成testng就是如下使用：
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests;

@SpringBootTest
public class BaseTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
}

# 同样是使用@SpringBootTest注解，但是它启动sprintboot服务不一样，testng必须继承AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests使用；
# 扩展：还可以是继承AbstractTransactionalTestNGSpringContextTests类，二选一；
# @SpringBootTest(classes={是你的SpringBoot启动app类})，例如:@SpringBootTest(classes=UserApplication.class)

6. At this point, you can press Ctrl 1 on eclipse to convert the test cases of the junit framework into the testng framework for pleasant testing: Convert to TestNG (Annotations);
7. Expansion: add swagger dependency, generate interface document; lombok dependency It supports getter and setter methods for declared fields, and also integrates tools such as Log.

Don’t read my article for the rest, it depends on your own performance. The unit test case is as follows:

package  com.text;

import xxx.xxx.xxx

public TestSampler extends BaseTest{
    
    @BeforeClass
    void bf(){
        // 测试写测试的前置条件，那些只需要执行一次的数据
    }
    @Test
    void test_add(){
        // 这里写需要测试的代码
    }
    
//    。。。
}

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