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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中的命名空间相关概念浅析_PHP

1. PHP中的命名空间是什么?

什么是命名空间?“从广义上来说,命名空间是一种封装事物的方法。在很多地方都可以见到这种抽象概念。例如,在操作系统中目录用来将相关文件分组,对于目录中的文件来说,它就扮演了命名空间的角色。具体举个例子,文件 foo.txt 可以同时在目录/home/greg 和 /home/other 中存在,但在同一个目录中不能存在两个 foo.txt 文件。另外,在目录 /home/greg 外访问 foo.txt 文件时,我们必须将目录名以及目录分隔符放在文件名之前得到 /home/greg/foo.txt。这个原理应用到程序设计领域就是命名空间的概念。”——命名空间概述

2. PHP命名空间该如何理解?

从本质上讲,命名空间就是一个容器,这个容器内我们可以放入类、函数和变量,他们在同一命名空间内可以无条件相互访问。在命名空间之外,就必须引用或者导入其他命名空间,才能调用它们包含的这些项。

命名空间跟shell中的文件目录的概念是一样一样的。在当前目录下可以直接用文件名访问所有文件,如果需要访问其他目录下的文件,就需要输入相对路径或绝对路径。

引用方式:

代码如下:


namespace foo;
 class Foo {  
         public function foo()  
             {       
                  return \top\namespace\bar\Bar::fuck();   
              }
             }


导入方式:

代码如下:


namespace foo;
use top\namespace\bar\Bar;
 class Foo {
        public function foo()
            {        return Bar::fuck(); 
            }
           }

导入就相当于将目的类复制一份到当前命名空间中。

3. PHP命名空间有何实际应用?

命名空间的存在是为了解决下面两个问题:

1). 用户编写的代码与PHP内部的类/函数/常量或第三方类/函数/常量之间的名字冲突。

2). 为很长的标识符名称(通常是为了缓解第一类问题而定义的)创建一个别名(或简短)的名称,提高源代码的可读性。

4. 一些tips

1. 同一个空间下的类直接相互直接调用,属于一家。例如 Laravel 中的 PageController 类中可以直接写 Page::all() 这样的代码来调用 Page 这个model,因为他们俩都在顶级命名空间下。

2. 若一个类存在于非顶级命名空间中,那么它只能在调用同样是当前命名空间下的其他类才不用“引用”或“导入”,它们属于一家。任何子命名空间都是另一个命名空间,另一个容器,没有除了容器之间关系之外的任何特殊关系。

3. Laravel 采用 classmap 方式进行自动加载(autoload),PHP虽然有了命名空间这个高级特性,但是这只是逻辑关系,require 文件还是要有的。这个类和文件的对应关系就存在 /vendor/composer/autoload_classmap.php ,每次 composer dump-autoload 都会重新编译、生成。

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