How to program in golang

Golang, also known as Go language, is a new programming language developed by Google. In recent years, it has become popular in cloud computing, back-end development, network programming and other fields. Golang has excellent concurrency features, efficient compilation speed, and concise syntax, making it the first choice for developers.

This article will introduce in detail the basic knowledge of Golang programming and the differences with other programming languages.

1. Programming environment setup

First, we need to set up the Golang development environment locally. Go to the official website (https://golang.org/dl/) to download the installation package for the corresponding system and install it. After the installation is complete, enter the "go version" command in the terminal to check whether the installation is successful.

2. Basic Grammar

Compared with other languages, Golang language has a simpler syntax and supports concurrent programming at the language level. Let's take a look at the basic syntax of Golang.

2.1 Variables

There are two ways to define variables in Golang:

• var variable name variable type = variable value

For example:

var name string = "hello world"

• Variable name:= variable value

For example:

name: = "hello world"

Among them, Golang language supports automatic inference and type conversion. Therefore, variables can be defined in the above two ways.

2.2 Data types

The data types supported by Golang include basic types and composite types.

Basic type:

• Boolean type: bool
• String type: string
• Number type: int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, float32, float64, complex64, complex128, byte, rune

Composite type:

• Array: [n]type
• Slice: []type
• Dictionary: map[keyType]valueType
• Structure: type struct {name type}

2.3 Function

Function definition:

func functionName(param1 type1, param2 type2) (returnType1, returnType2) {

//函数体代码

}

For example:

func add(x int, y int) (int, int) {

return x + y, x - y

}

2.4 Process control

Golang language supports process control similar to other languages Statement:

• if statement

if condition {

//条件为true时执行的代码

}

For example:

if x > ; 10 {

fmt.Println("x is greater than 10.")

}

• for loop

for i := 0; i < 10; i {

//循环体代码

}

For example:

for i := 0; i < 10; i {

fmt.Println(i)

}

• switch statement

switch condition {

case condition1:
    //执行操作1
case condition2:
    //执行操作2
default:
    //执行默认操作

}

For example:

switch num {

case 1:
    fmt.Println("num is 1.")
case 2:
    fmt.Println("num is 2.")
default:
    fmt.Println("num is not 1 or 2.")

}

3. Concurrency Programming

Golang is a programming language with an excellent concurrency model. The way to implement multi-threading is very simple. You only need to add the keyword "go" before the function to start a new thread, for example:

func main() {

go myFunc()  //启动一个新线程

}

Golang provides some tools to implement concurrent programming, such as goroutine, channel, select, etc.

3.1 goroutine

Goroutine is Golang’s lightweight thread. To start a goroutine, you only need to add the keyword "go" when calling the function.

For example:

func main() {

go myFunc()  //启动goroutine

}

3.2 channel

channel is used for communication between goroutines in Golang Mechanisms.

Definition:

var variable name chan data type

For example:

var ch chan int

3.3 select

select statement is used to wait to receive values ​​between multiple channels. The select statement will block until a channel has data to receive.

For example:

select {

case <- ch1:
    fmt.Println("received from ch1")
case <- ch2:
    fmt.Println("received from ch2")

}

4. Comparison with other languages

Comparison with other mainstream programming Compared with other languages, Golang has the following advantages:

• Excellent concurrency features, easy to write efficient concurrent programs;
• Compilation speed is fast, and the generated executable file is small in size;
• It has a garbage collection mechanism, making programming more convenient;
• The syntax is concise and clear, easy to learn and use.

Compared with other languages, Golang also has the following shortcomings:

• The market share is smaller than other languages, and the scope of application still needs to be increased;
• In some aspects, such as string processing and expression evaluation, Golang is not mature enough compared to other languages.

In short, Golang is an excellent programming language, suitable for use in cloud computing, back-end development, network programming and other fields, and is worthy of in-depth study and use by developers.

Conclusion

This article introduces the programming characteristics and applications of Golang in detail from aspects such as programming environment construction, basic syntax, concurrent programming, and comparison with other languages. Golang has concise syntax, efficient concurrency features, and is widely used in the field of modern programming. I hope that through the introduction of this article, developers can better understand Golang and start their own Golang programming journey.

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