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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialLaravel模板引擎Blade中section的一些标签的区别介绍_PHP

Laravel 框架中的 Blade 模板引擎,很好用,但是在官方文档中有关 Blade 的介绍并不详细,有些东西没有写出来,而有些则是没有说清楚。比如,使用中可能会遇到这样的问题:

1.@yield 和 @section 都可以预定义可替代的区块,这两者有什么区别呢?
2.@section 可以用 @show, @stop, @overwrite 以及 @append 来结束,这三者又有什么区别呢?

本文试对这些问题做一个比较浅显但是直观的介绍。

@yield 与 @section

首先,@yield 是不可扩展的,如果你要定义的部分没有默认内容让子模板扩展的,那么用 @yield($name, $default) 的形式会比较方便,如果你在子模板中并没有指定这个区块的内容,它就会显示默认内容,如果定义了,就会显示你定义的内容。非此即彼。

与之相比, @section 则既可以被替代,又可以被扩展,这是最大的区别。比如:

代码如下:


{{-- layout.master --}}
@yield('title','默认标题')
 
@section('content')
默认的内容
@show

代码如下:


{{-- home.index --}}
@extends('layout.master')
 
@section('title')
  @parent
  新的标题
@stop
 
@section('content')
  @parent
  扩展的内容
@stop

上面的例子中,模板用 @yield 和 @section 分别定义了一个区块,然后在子模板中去定义内容,由于 @yield 不能被扩展,所以即使加上了 @parent 也不起作用,输出的内容只有“新的标题”,替换了“默认的标题”。因此最终生成的页面只能是“默认的标题”或者“新的标题”,不能并存。而 @section 定义的部分,由于使用了 @parent 关键字,父模板中的内容会被保留,然后再扩展后添加的内容进去,输出的内容会是 “默认的内容 扩展的内容”。

官方网站上的文档中并没有涉及 @parent关键字,说的是默认行为是“扩展”,要覆盖需要用 @override 来结束,这是错的,[github 上的最新文档][docs] 已经做了修正。@section 加上 @stop,默认是替换(注入),必须用 @parent 关键字才能扩展。而@override 关键字实际上有另外的应用场景。

@show 与 @stop

接下来再说说与 @section 对应的结束关键字,@show, @stop 有什么区别呢?(网上的部分文章,以及一些编辑器插件还会提示 @endsection, 这个在 4.0 版本中已经被移除,虽然向下兼容,但是不建议使用)。

@show 指的是执行到此处时将该 section 中的内容输出到页面,而 @stop 则只是进行内容解析,并且不再处理当前模板中后续对该section的处理,除非用 @override覆盖(详见下一部分)。通常来说,在首次定义某个 section 的时候,应该用 @show,而在替换它或者扩展它的时候,不应该用 @show,应该用 @stop。下面用例子说明:

代码如下:


{{-- layout.master --}}


  @section('zoneA')
      AAA
      @show
    
  

 
 
 
 

  @section('zoneB')
      BBB
      @stop
    
  

 
 
 
 

  @section('zoneC')
      CCC
      @show
    
  

代码如下:


{{-- page.view --}}
@extends('layout.master')
 
@section('zoneA')
aaa
@stop
 
@section('zoneB')
bbb
@stop
 
@section('zoneC')
ccc
@show

在 layout.master 中,用 @stop 来结束 "zoneB",由于整个模板体系中,没有以 @show 结束的 "zoneB" 的定义,因此这个区块不会被显示。而在 page.view 中,用 @show 定义了 'zoneC',这会在执行到这里时立即显示内容,并按照模板继承机制继续覆盖内容,因此最终显示的内容会是:

代码如下:


ccc // 来自 page.view


  aaa
    
  

 
 
 
 

  

 
 
 
 

  ccc
    
  

从结果可以看到,zoneB 的内容丢失,因为没有用 @show 告诉引擎输出这部分的内容,而 zoneC 的内容会显示两次,并且还破坏了 layout.master 的页面结构,因为 @show 出现了两次。

@append 和 @override

刚才说到了,@override 并不是在子模板中指明内容替换父模板的默认内容,而是另有用途,那么是如何使用呢?这又涉及到一个 section 在模板中可以多次使用的问题。也即我们所定义的每一个 section ,在随后的子模板中其实是可以多次出现的。比如:

代码如下:


{{-- master --}}


  @yield('content')
    
  

代码如下:


{{-- subview --}}
@extends('master')
 
@section('content')
加一行内容
@append
 
@section('content')
再加一行内容
@append
 
@section('content')
加够了,到此为止吧。
@stop

在上例中,我在父级模板中只定义了一个名为 "content" 的 section,而在子模板中三次指定了这个 section 的内容。 这个例子最终的输出是:

代码如下:



加一行内容
再加一行内容
加够了,到此为止吧。

三次指定的内容都显示出来了,关键就在于 @append 这个关键字,它表明“此处的内容添加到”,因此内容会不断扩展。而最后用了 @stop,表示这个 section 的处理到此为止。如果在后面继续用 @append 或者 @stop 来指定这个 section 的内容,都不会生效。除非用 @override 来处理。 @override 的意思就是“覆盖之前的所有定义,以这次的为准”。比如:

代码如下:


{{-- master --}}


  @yield('content')
    @yield('message')
    
  


代码如下:


{{-- master --}}


  @section('content')
    加一行内容
    @append
    @section('content')
    再加一行内容
    @append
    @section('content')
    加够了,结束吧
    @stop
    @section('content')
    都不要了,我说的。
    @override
    
  

这个例子和刚才的类似,只不过最后加了一组定义。最终的输出会是:

代码如下:



  都不要了,我说的。


所以,在正式的项目中,有时候需要对数据进行遍历输出的,可以使用 @append,而如果遍历到了某个数据发现前面的都错了呢?用 @override 就可以全部推翻。
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