Golang is not object-oriented

In recent years, Golang has attracted much attention as an emerging programming language. Due to its excellent concurrency processing capabilities, efficient memory management and user-friendly syntax design, Golang has become the language chosen by more and more developers. However, one thing has always troubled developers using Golang, and that is that Golang is not object-oriented in the traditional sense.

In traditional object-oriented programming (OOP), everything is done from the perspective of objects. The structure of a program consists of the properties and methods of objects, namely encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Golang does not provide concepts such as classes, inheritance, and interfaces in the traditional sense. On the contrary, it advocates the design idea of ​​"composition rather than inheritance" and achieves object-oriented effects by encapsulating data structures and their methods.

Specifically, we can imitate the concept of a class through a custom structure, such as the following example:

type Person struct {
    name string
    age int
}

func (p *Person) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.name)
}

Here we define a Person structure and define a SayHello method. Next, we can create a Person object and call its methods in the following way:

p := Person{name: "Tom", age: 18}
p.SayHello()

We can see that although Golang does not provide traditional classes and inheritance mechanisms, through the combination of structures and methods, we Object-oriented programming can also be easily implemented.

In addition, Golang also provides the concept of interface (interface), which is used to describe the behavior that an object should have. In Golang, an interface is a collection of methods. If an object implements all the methods defined in the interface, it can be said to "implement" the interface. For example, the following is an interface that defines the SayHello method:

type Greeting interface {
    SayHello()
}

The interface Greeting defines a SayHello method, but there is no specific implementation. In this way, we can implement the interface in the defined structure, for example:

type Person struct {
    name string
    age int
}

func (p *Person) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.name)
}

func main() {
    var g Greeting
    g = &Person{name: "Tom", age: 18}
    g.SayHello()
}

In the above code, we define the Person structure and implement the SayHello method of the Greeting interface in it. Subsequently, in the main function, we create a variable of type Greeting and assign it as a pointer to a Person object. Finally, we called the SayHello method of the variable to implement the call to the interface.

As you can see, Golang defines the behavior of objects through interfaces, so that polymorphic effects can be achieved even without the traditional inheritance mechanism.

To sum up, although Golang is not object-oriented in the traditional sense, through the combination of structures, methods and interfaces, we can also achieve object-oriented programming effects. In fact, Golang's design ideas also incorporate object-oriented ideas, such as encapsulating data through structures and describing the behavior of objects through interfaces. Therefore, developers who use Golang do not have to worry too much about the lack of object orientation.

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