


How to use regular expressions in Python and what are the regular expression matching rules
1 Guide library
import re
2 Use template
re_pattern = re.compile(pattern, flags=0) result = re.findall(re_pattern,string)
3 Description
Parameters | Description |
pattern | Matching regular expressions, such as r'abc' can be used to match abc |
flags |
Optional, flag bit, control matching method, optional value: re.I Ignore case re.L Represents special character set \w \W \b \B \s \S, depends on the current environment re.M Multi-line mode re.S Included Any character including newline character re.U Parse the character re.X according to the Unicode character set. To increase readability, ignore spaces and comments after # re.A Parse the characters |
#string | according to the ASCII code#The string to be matched |
Method | Description |
compile | Compile regular expression Formula, generate a regular expression (Pattern) object |
findall | Full text matching, the matching results are returned in list form |
4 示例
以下代码用来在字符串 str 中匹配符合如下规则的字符串:
中英文括号开头+1个大写字母+1个或无限个数字+0个或1个字符“.”+0个或1个字符“/”+0个或无限个数字+中英文括号结尾
# 导库 import re # 待处理字符串 str = '小分裂细胞型(弥漫性)非霍奇金淋巴瘤(M96720/3)(Y97.1)(Y77)(yyy)' # 设定匹配规则,编译 re_str = re.compile(r'[(|(][A-Z][0-9]+[.]?[/]?[0-9]*[)|)]', re.S) # 匹配 ans = re.findall(re_str,str) # 打印 print(ans)
在字符串 str 中的匹配结果如下,可见有三个字符串符合匹配规则:
5 正则表达式匹配规则
语法 |
描述 |
正则表达式示例 |
对应可匹配字符串示例 |
一般字符 | 匹配自身 | abc | abc |
元字符 | |||
. | 除了换行符之外的任意单个字符 | a.c | abc |
* | 匹配前面一个字符0或无限次 | ab* |
a abbb |
+ | 匹配前面一个字符1次或无限次 | ab+ |
ab abbb |
? | 匹配前面一个字符0次或1次 | ab? |
a ab |
\ | 转义符,使后面一个字符保持原来的意思 | a\.b | a.b |
[] |
字符集,里面的字符可以是任意数量个字符,也可以是一个范围,比如可以是[abc]或者[a-c],均表示匹配abc中的一个字符。同时,可以将第一个字符设为^,用来表示取反,如[^abc]表示除了abc以外的字符。 注意,所有的特殊字符在[]内都失去其原有的特殊含义,如[.]仅表示匹配字符.而不是匹配任意字符了,当然,如果要使用]、-或^三个字符,仍需要使用转义字符\ |
[abc] [a-c] |
a b c |
{m} | m是一个非负整数,表示匹配前一个字符m次 | abc{2} | abcc |
{m,n} | m和n都是非负整数,且m≤n,表示最少匹配m次且最多匹配n次 | ab{2,4}c | abbc |
| | 逻辑或,匹配左右表达式中的任意一个。具有“短路”特点,先匹配左侧表达式,再匹配右侧表达式。建议用()括起来,否则会作用于整个正则表达式 | abc|123 |
abc 123 |
() | 括号,将表达式括起来作为一个分组。分组表达式是一个整体 | a(bc)?d |
ad abcd |
定位符 | |||
^ | 匹配字符串的开头字符 | ^abc | abc |
$ | 匹配字符串的结尾字符 | abc$ | abc |
\b |
匹配一个单词的边界 如\bab表示匹配字符串ab且ab前面要是空格 如ab\b表示匹配字符串ab且ab后面要是空格 |
\bab |
可以匹配到abc中的ab 无法匹配到cab中的ab |
\B | 匹配非边界 | \Bab |
可以匹配到cab中的ab 无法匹配到abc中的ab |
预定义字符集 | |||
\d | 匹配数字,等价于[0-9] | a\dc | a1c |
\D | 匹配非数字,等价于[^\d] | a\Dc | abc |
\s | 匹配空白字符,包括空格、制表符、换页符等 | a\sc | a c |
\S | 匹配非空白字符,等价于[^\s] | a\Sc | abc |
\w | 匹配字母数字下划线,等价于[a-zA-Z0-9_] | a\wc | a_c |
\W | 匹配非字母数字下划线,等价于[^\w] | a\Wc | a c |
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