How to use ORM in Go?

As the Go language becomes more and more popular, more and more developers are beginning to use Go to build web applications. In web applications, databases are an inevitable component. Go has many popular ORM frameworks, the more popular of which are GORM, XORM and Beego ORM. This article will introduce in detail how to use ORM in Go.

1.What is ORM?

ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping, and its Chinese translation is Object-Relational Mapping. It is a programming technology. The ORM framework can encapsulate database operations in an object-oriented manner, allowing us to perform database operations through objects without caring about underlying details such as SQL statements.

2. Advantages of using ORM

The advantages of using ORM mainly include the following points:

(1) Improve development efficiency: The ORM framework provides a set of convenient APIs , developers can get started quickly and avoid writing lengthy SQL statements, saving a lot of time and energy.

(2) Improve reusability: ORM encapsulates the database and can summarize database operations into some reusable functions, which can greatly improve the reusability of the code.

(3) Improve maintainability: Using the ORM framework can make the code more readable and easier to maintain.

3. Use GORM

GORM is one of the most popular ORM frameworks in the Go language. It integrates many powerful functions, allowing us to quickly build and maintain database applications. Below, we will introduce how to use GORM in Go.

(1) Install GORM

First, we need to install GORM and the corresponding database driver. Execute the following command in the terminal:

go get -u gorm.io/gorm
go get -u gorm.io/driver/mysql

(2) Connect to the database

In GORM, we first need to create a connection to the database. We can create a connection by configuring the connection string. For example:

import (
    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    dsn := "user:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/db_name?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        panic("failed to connect database")
    }
    defer db.Close()
}

Among them, dsn is the MySQL database connection string, we need to replace it with our own database connection information, such as: user name, password, host name, port number, database name, etc.

(3) Define the model

When using GORM, we need to map objects to database tables. We can achieve this by defining structures. For example:

type User struct {
    gorm.Model //gorm.Model是GORM提供的一个模型基类，包含了一些模型常用的字段，如：ID、CreatedAt、UpdatedAt、DeletedAt等
    Name     string `gorm:"column:name"`
    Age      int    `gorm:"column:age"`
}

In the above code, we define a User structure and map it to the users table in the database. Note that we use gorm:"column:name" tags to define the corresponding field names in the database.

(4) CRUD operation

In GORM, we can use the following methods to perform CRUD operations:

Create: Insert a new record

func CreateUser(user *User) (err error) {
    err = db.Create(user).Error
    return err
}

Read: Query records

func GetUserById(id int64) (user *User, err error) {
    user = new(User)
    result := db.Where("id = ?", id).First(user)
    if result.Error != nil {
        err = result.Error
        return nil, err
    }
    return user, nil
}

Update: Update records

func UpdateUserAge(id int64, age int) (err error) {
    err = db.Model(&User{}).Where("id = ?", id).Update("age", age).Error
    return err
}

Delete: Delete records

func DeleteUser(id int64) (err error) {
    err = db.Delete(&User{}, id).Error
    return err
}

4. Summary

This article mainly introduces how to use Go language Use ORM framework. The ORM framework provides a simple and intuitive way to operate the database, which can greatly improve development efficiency and code reusability. When using the ORM framework, we need to pay attention to defining the model and using tags to map the relationship between the model and the database. Finally, we introduced the commonly used CRUD operations in GORM. We hope that this article can help everyone better use the ORM framework to develop web applications.

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