How to use master-slave replication to improve MySQL's read performance

MySQL is a very popular open source relational database management system. With the increasing development of Internet business, the requirements for the read and write performance of MySQL database are getting higher and higher. Among them, read performance is one of the more critical indicators of MySQL database. Here, we will introduce how to use the master-slave replication function of MySQL database to improve read performance.

1. What is master-slave replication

Master-slave replication is a high availability and scalability solution for MySQL database. It uses one database server as the main database (also called the master node) and multiple database servers as the slave databases (also called the slave nodes). The master database synchronizes its own data changes (Insert, Update, Delete, etc.) to the slave databases. to achieve data hot backup, read-write separation and other functions.

2. The principle of master-slave replication

In the master-slave replication system, data writing operations can only be performed on the master database, and the slave database is only responsible for read operations. The master library will record its own modification operations into the Binlog (binary log), while the slave library will parse the Binlog of the master library and modify the data on its own database, thereby achieving data synchronization of the entire cluster.

3. Advantages of master-slave replication

(1) Data backup and recovery: The data in the master database can be synchronized to the slave database in real time, and it can be quickly restored when the data in the master database is lost. .

(2) Read and write separation: Using master-slave replication can separate read operations and write operations, reduce the pressure on the main library, and improve the overall performance of the system.

(3) High availability: Master-slave replication allows the slave database to take over from the master database and continue to provide services when the master database is down, thus ensuring the high availability of the entire system.

4. Implement master-slave replication

(1) Configure the main library

In order to enable the Binlog function of the main library, you need to add it to the configuration file my.cnf of the main library The following configuration:

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1

The log-bin configuration item here specifies the file name of the Binlog log. The server-id configuration item represents the unique identifier of the current server.

(2) Configure the slave library

In order for the slave library to establish a connection with the main library and obtain Binlog data, the following configuration needs to be added to the configuration file my.cnf of the slave library:

[mysqld]
server-id=2

The server-id of the slave library is configured here. It should be noted that the server-id must be unique.

Then, execute the following command in the slave library to connect the slave library to the master library and obtain Binlog data:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='Master library IP address',MASTER_USER='slave ', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='log-bin value set by the main library', MASTER_LOG_POS=4;

In the above command, the MASTER_HOST parameter specifies the IP address of the main library, and the MASTER_USER and MASTER_PASSWORD parameters specify The user name and password for connecting to the main library are specified, MASTER_LOG_FILE specifies the file name of the Binlog log in the main library, and MASTER_LOG_POS specifies the location where data is copied from the slave library.

After executing the command, you can use the SHOW SLAVE STATUS command to view the master-slave replication status of the slave library.

(3) Test read-write separation

Execute the SELECT statement on the slave database. You can see that the query results are the same as those of the main database. At this time, the slave database has completed the data synchronization process. Then, execute INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and other data modification statements on the main database, and the slave database will automatically synchronize the data changes in the main database to complete the separation of reading and writing.

5. Notes

(1) When the hardware configuration of the master database and the slave database are different or the data volume is very different, issues such as table synchronization and replication need to be considered to ensure data consistency. .

(2) It is recommended to use a high-speed network connection between the master database and the slave database to ensure the data transmission speed.

(3) The configuration of the slave library cannot be lower than that of the master library, otherwise higher delays or errors may occur.

(4) If the master database fails, you need to switch the slave database to the master database and reconfigure the original master database as the new slave database.

6. Summary

MySQL database master-slave replication is a very good solution to improve read performance. By using master-slave replication, multiple functions such as hot backup of data, read-write separation, and high availability can be achieved. At the same time, the read-write pressure on the main database can be reduced and the performance of the system can be improved. However, when implementing master-slave replication, you need to pay attention to data synchronization and replication issues to ensure data consistency.

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