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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySql中distinct的用法_MySQL

在使用mysql时,有时需要查询出某个字段不重复的记录,虽然mysql提供有distinct这个关键字来过滤掉多余的重复记录只保留一条,但往往只用它来返回不重复记录的条数,而不是用它来返回不重记录的所有值。其原因是distinct只能返回它的目标字段,而无法返回其它字段,这个问题让我困扰了很久,用distinct不能解决的话,我只有用二重循环查询来解决,而这样对于一个数据量非常大的站来说,无疑是会直接影响到效率的。所以我花了很多时间来研究这个问题,网上也查不到解决方案,期间把容容拉来帮忙,结果是我们两人都郁闷了。。。。。。。。。 

下面先来看看例子: 

     table 
   id name 
   1 a 
   2 b 
   3 c 
   4 c 
   5 b 

库结构大概这样,这只是一个简单的例子,实际情况会复杂得多。 

比如我想用一条语句查询得到name不重复的所有数据,那就必须使用distinct去掉多余的重复记录。 

select distinct name from table 
得到的结果是: 

   name 
   a 
   b 
   c 

好像达到效果了,可是,我想要得到的是id值呢?改一下查询语句吧: 

select distinct name, id from table 

结果会是: 

   id name 
   1 a 
   2 b 
   3 c 
   4 c 
   5 b 

distinct怎么没起作用?作用是起了的,不过他同时作用了两个字段,也就是必须得id与name都相同的才会被排除。。。。。。。 

我们再改改查询语句: 

select id, distinct name from table 

很遗憾,除了错误信息你什么也得不到,distinct必须放在开头。难到不能把distinct放到where条件里?能,照样报错。。。。。。。 

很麻烦吧?确实,费尽心思都没能解决这个问题。没办法,继续找人问。 

拉住公司里一JAVA程序员,他给我演示了oracle里使用distinct之后,也没找到mysql里的解决方案,最后下班之前他建议我试试group by。 

试了半天,也不行,最后在mysql手册里找到一个用法,用group_concat(distinct name)配合group by name实现了我所需要的功能,兴奋,天佑我也,赶快试试。 

报错。。。。。。。。。。。。郁闷。。。。。。。连mysql手册也跟我过不去,先给了我希望,然后又把我推向失望,好狠哪。。。。 

再仔细一查,group_concat函数是4.1支持,晕,我4.0的。没办法,升级,升完级一试,成功。。。。。。 

终于搞定了,不过这样一来,又必须要求客户也升级了。 

突然灵机一闪,既然可以使用group_concat函数,那其它函数能行吗? 

赶紧用count函数一试,成功,我。。。。。。。想哭啊,费了这么多工夫。。。。。。。。原来就这么简单。。。。。。 

现在将完整语句放出: 

select *, count(distinct name) from table group by name 

结果: 

   id name count(distinct name) 
   1 a 1 
   2 b 1 
   3 c 1 

最后一项是多余的,不用管就行了,目的达到。。。。。 

唉,原来mysql这么笨,轻轻一下就把他骗过去了,郁闷也就我吧,现在拿出来希望大家不要被这问题折腾。 

哦,对,再顺便说一句,group by 必须放在 order by 和 limit之前,不然会报错,差不多了,我继续忙碌。。。。。。 

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